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个单位，才能看到放在原点的物体。",[1531,1602,1603],{},"物体的位置、旋转、缩放，全都基于这套坐标：",[1577,1605,1609],{"className":1606,"code":1607,"language":1608,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"language-js shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","cube.position.set(1, 2, -3); // 向右 1、向上 2、远离相机 3\ncube.rotation.set(0.6, 0.8, 0); // 绕 x、y 轴旋转（单位是弧度）\ncube.scale.set(2, 2, 2); // 三个方向都放大 2 倍\n","js",[1535,1610,1611,1664,1700],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,1613,1616,1620,1624,1627,1629,1633,1636,1640,1643,1646,1648,1651,1654,1657,1660],"span",{"class":1614,"line":1615},"line",1,[1612,1617,1619],{"class":1618},"sndM8","cube",[1612,1621,1623],{"class":1622},"s86vT",".",[1612,1625,1626],{"class":1618},"position",[1612,1628,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1630,1632],{"class":1631},"swgpB","set",[1612,1634,1635],{"class":1618},"(",[1612,1637,1639],{"class":1638},"smPcV","1",[1612,1641,1642],{"class":1622},",",[1612,1644,1645],{"class":1638}," 2",[1612,1647,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1649,1650],{"class":1622}," -",[1612,1652,1653],{"class":1638},"3",[1612,1655,1656],{"class":1618},")",[1612,1658,1659],{"class":1622},";",[1612,1661,1663],{"class":1662},"syuKq"," // 向右 1、向上 2、远离相机 3\n",[1612,1665,1667,1669,1671,1674,1676,1678,1680,1683,1685,1688,1690,1693,1695,1697],{"class":1614,"line":1666},2,[1612,1668,1619],{"class":1618},[1612,1670,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1672,1673],{"class":1618},"rotation",[1612,1675,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1677,1632],{"class":1631},[1612,1679,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,1681,1682],{"class":1638},"0.6",[1612,1684,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1686,1687],{"class":1638}," 0.8",[1612,1689,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1691,1692],{"class":1638}," 0",[1612,1694,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,1696,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,1698,1699],{"class":1662}," // 绕 x、y 轴旋转（单位是弧度）\n",[1612,1701,1703,1705,1707,1710,1712,1714,1716,1719,1721,1723,1725,1727,1729,1731],{"class":1614,"line":1702},3,[1612,1704,1619],{"class":1618},[1612,1706,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1708,1709],{"class":1618},"scale",[1612,1711,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1713,1632],{"class":1631},[1612,1715,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,1717,1718],{"class":1638},"2",[1612,1720,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1722,1645],{"class":1638},[1612,1724,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1726,1645],{"class":1638},[1612,1728,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,1730,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,1732,1733],{"class":1662}," // 三个方向都放大 2 倍\n",[1735,1736,1737],"warning",{},[1531,1738,1739,1741,1742,1745,1746,1749,1750,1753,1754,1757],{},[1535,1740,1673],{}," 用的是",[1556,1743,1744],{},"弧度","不是角度。一圈是 ",[1535,1747,1748],{},"Math.PI * 2","，90° 就是 ",[1535,1751,1752],{},"Math.PI / 2","。写成 ",[1535,1755,1756],{},"rotation.x = 90"," 会转得面目全非。",[1540,1759],{},[1526,1761,1763],{"id":1762},"透视相机的四个参数","🧱 透视相机的四个参数",[1577,1765,1767],{"className":1606,"code":1766,"language":1608,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"const camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, 320 / 240, 0.1, 1000);\n",[1535,1768,1769],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,1770,1771,1775,1778,1781,1784,1787,1789,1792,1794,1797,1799,1802,1805,1808,1810,1813,1815,1818,1820],{"class":1614,"line":1615},[1612,1772,1774],{"class":1773},"s50WR","const",[1612,1776,1777],{"class":1618}," camera ",[1612,1779,1780],{"class":1622},"=",[1612,1782,1783],{"class":1622}," new",[1612,1785,1786],{"class":1618}," THREE",[1612,1788,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1790,1791],{"class":1631},"PerspectiveCamera",[1612,1793,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,1795,1796],{"class":1638},"75",[1612,1798,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1800,1801],{"class":1638}," 320",[1612,1803,1804],{"class":1622}," /",[1612,1806,1807],{"class":1638}," 240",[1612,1809,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1811,1812],{"class":1638}," 0.1",[1612,1814,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1816,1817],{"class":1638}," 1000",[1612,1819,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,1821,1822],{"class":1622},";\n",[1531,1824,1825],{},"构造函数的四个参数依次是：",[1827,1828,1829,1845],"table",{},[1830,1831,1832],"thead",{},[1833,1834,1835,1839,1842],"tr",{},[1836,1837,1838],"th",{},"参数",[1836,1840,1841],{},"含义",[1836,1843,1844],{},"类比",[1846,1847,1848,1862,1875,1888],"tbody",{},[1833,1849,1850,1856,1859],{},[1851,1852,1853],"td",{},[1535,1854,1855],{},"fov",[1851,1857,1858],{},"视野角度（竖直方向张多大）",[1851,1860,1861],{},"眼睛的余光范围",[1833,1863,1864,1869,1872],{},[1851,1865,1866],{},[1535,1867,1868],{},"aspect",[1851,1870,1871],{},"画幅宽高比",[1851,1873,1874],{},"电影银幕的宽和高比例",[1833,1876,1877,1882,1885],{},[1851,1878,1879],{},[1535,1880,1881],{},"near",[1851,1883,1884],{},"近截面：比这近的物体不渲染",[1851,1886,1887],{},"贴太近眼睛看不清",[1833,1889,1890,1895,1898],{},[1851,1891,1892],{},[1535,1893,1894],{},"far",[1851,1896,1897],{},"远截面：比这远的物体不渲染",[1851,1899,1900],{},"太远看不见",[1531,1902,1903,1904,1907],{},"这四个参数围出来的可见空间叫",[1556,1905,1906],{},"视锥体","，像手电筒照出去的一个四棱锥：只有落在锥体范围内的物体才会被渲染。",[1531,1909,1910,1911,1914,1915,1575],{},"参数的记忆口诀：",[1556,1912,1913],{},"角度、比例、近、远","。日常开发用这套组合就够用：",[1535,1916,1917],{},"75, 画布宽 / 画布高, 0.1, 1000",[1540,1919],{},[1526,1921,1923],{"id":1922},"fov广角和长焦的区别","⚡ fov：广角和长焦的区别",[1531,1925,1926,1928],{},[1535,1927,1855],{}," 是调整频率很高的参数，直接决定画面的透视感：",[1550,1930,1931,1937],{},[1553,1932,1933,1936],{},[1556,1934,1935],{},"fov 大（如 75）","：视野宽，容纳的场景多，近大远小的透视感强。",[1553,1938,1939,1942],{},[1556,1940,1941],{},"fov 小（如 30）","：视野窄，像望远镜，画面里的物体显得更大、更平。",[1531,1944,1945],{},"对比代码只有一行之差：",[1577,1947,1949],{"className":1606,"code":1948,"language":1608,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"const wideCamera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, aspect, 0.1, 1000); // 广角\nconst narrowCamera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(30, aspect, 0.1, 1000); // 长焦\n",[1535,1950,1951,1992],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,1952,1953,1955,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1977,1979,1981,1983,1985,1987,1989],{"class":1614,"line":1615},[1612,1954,1774],{"class":1773},[1612,1956,1957],{"class":1618}," wideCamera ",[1612,1959,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,1961,1783],{"class":1622},[1612,1963,1786],{"class":1618},[1612,1965,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,1967,1791],{"class":1631},[1612,1969,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,1971,1796],{"class":1638},[1612,1973,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1975,1976],{"class":1618}," aspect",[1612,1978,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1980,1812],{"class":1638},[1612,1982,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,1984,1817],{"class":1638},[1612,1986,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,1988,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,1990,1991],{"class":1662}," // 广角\n",[1612,1993,1994,1996,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2009,2011,2014,2016,2018,2020,2022,2024,2026,2028,2030],{"class":1614,"line":1666},[1612,1995,1774],{"class":1773},[1612,1997,1998],{"class":1618}," narrowCamera ",[1612,2000,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,2002,1783],{"class":1622},[1612,2004,1786],{"class":1618},[1612,2006,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2008,1791],{"class":1631},[1612,2010,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,2012,2013],{"class":1638},"30",[1612,2015,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2017,1976],{"class":1618},[1612,2019,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2021,1812],{"class":1638},[1612,2023,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2025,1817],{"class":1638},[1612,2027,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,2029,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,2031,2032],{"class":1662}," // 长焦\n",[1531,2034,2035,2036,2039],{},"下面是同一个立方体在两种 fov 下的",[1556,2037,2038],{},"真实渲染对比","（相机位置相同，左 75°、右 30°）。注意右边视野变窄后，立方体在画面里明显大了一圈：",[2041,2042],"three-camera-demo",{},[1540,2044],{},[1526,2046,2048],{"id":2047},"near-和-far物体凭空消失的元凶","🪤 near 和 far：物体凭空消失的元凶",[1531,2050,2051,2053,2054,2056,2057,2060],{},[1535,2052,1881],{}," 和 ",[1535,2055,1894],{}," 是视锥体的前后两个“裁剪面”，范围之外的物体会被直接丢弃，",[1556,2058,2059],{},"不渲染也不报错","，表现为物体凭空消失。",[1531,2062,2063],{},"常见的踩坑场景：",[1577,2065,2067],{"className":1606,"code":2066,"language":1608,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"// near = 0.1，far = 100\nconst camera = new THREE.PerspectiveCamera(75, aspect, 0.1, 100);\n\ncube.position.z = -200; // 距离相机超过 100，消失！\ncamera.position.z = 0.05; // 物体在原点，距离小于 0.1，同样消失！\n",[1535,2068,2069,2074,2111,2117,2143],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,2070,2071],{"class":1614,"line":1615},[1612,2072,2073],{"class":1662},"// near = 0.1，far = 100\n",[1612,2075,2076,2078,2080,2082,2084,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2107,2109],{"class":1614,"line":1666},[1612,2077,1774],{"class":1773},[1612,2079,1777],{"class":1618},[1612,2081,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,2083,1783],{"class":1622},[1612,2085,1786],{"class":1618},[1612,2087,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2089,1791],{"class":1631},[1612,2091,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,2093,1796],{"class":1638},[1612,2095,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2097,1976],{"class":1618},[1612,2099,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2101,1812],{"class":1638},[1612,2103,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2105,2106],{"class":1638}," 100",[1612,2108,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,2110,1822],{"class":1622},[1612,2112,2113],{"class":1614,"line":1702},[1612,2114,2116],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":2115},true,"\n",[1612,2118,2120,2122,2124,2126,2128,2131,2133,2135,2138,2140],{"class":1614,"line":2119},4,[1612,2121,1619],{"class":1618},[1612,2123,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2125,1626],{"class":1618},[1612,2127,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2129,2130],{"class":1618},"z ",[1612,2132,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,2134,1650],{"class":1622},[1612,2136,2137],{"class":1638},"200",[1612,2139,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,2141,2142],{"class":1662}," // 距离相机超过 100，消失！\n",[1612,2144,2146,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2162,2164],{"class":1614,"line":2145},5,[1612,2147,2148],{"class":1618},"camera",[1612,2150,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2152,1626],{"class":1618},[1612,2154,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2156,2130],{"class":1618},[1612,2158,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,2160,2161],{"class":1638}," 0.05",[1612,2163,1659],{"class":1622},[1612,2165,2166],{"class":1662}," // 物体在原点，距离小于 0.1，同样消失！\n",[1531,2168,2169],{},"排查“物体不见了”时，按这个顺序检查：",[2171,2172,2173,2180,2183],"ol",{},[1553,2174,2175,2176,2179],{},"物体有没有 ",[1535,2177,2178],{},"scene.add()","？",[1553,2181,2182],{},"物体是不是在相机背后（z 轴方向搞反）？",[1553,2184,2185,2186,2189],{},"物体距离是不是落在 ",[1535,2187,2188],{},"[near, far]"," 范围之外？",[2191,2192,2193],"tip",{},[1531,2194,2195,2053,2197,2199,2200,2203,2204,2207],{},[1535,2196,1881],{},[1535,2198,1894],{}," 的跨度不要设得夸张地大（比如 ",[1535,2201,2202],{},"0.0001 ~ 1000000","），跨度太大会导致深度计算精度不足，画面出现闪烁。够用即可，",[1535,2205,2206],{},"0.1 ~ 1000"," 适合绝大多数学习场景。",[1540,2209],{},[1526,2211,2213],{"id":2212},"️-另一种相机正交相机","⚖️ 另一种相机：正交相机",[1531,2215,2216,2217,2220,2221,2224],{},"除了透视相机，还有 ",[1535,2218,2219],{},"OrthographicCamera","（正交相机）。它",[1556,2222,2223],{},"没有近大远小","，物体无论多远看起来都一样大：",[1577,2226,2228],{"className":1606,"code":2227,"language":1608,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"const camera = new THREE.OrthographicCamera(-4, 4, 3, -3, 0.1, 1000);\n",[1535,2229,2230],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,2231,2232,2234,2236,2238,2240,2242,2244,2246,2248,2251,2254,2256,2259,2261,2264,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2276,2278,2280],{"class":1614,"line":1615},[1612,2233,1774],{"class":1773},[1612,2235,1777],{"class":1618},[1612,2237,1780],{"class":1622},[1612,2239,1783],{"class":1622},[1612,2241,1786],{"class":1618},[1612,2243,1623],{"class":1622},[1612,2245,2219],{"class":1631},[1612,2247,1635],{"class":1618},[1612,2249,2250],{"class":1622},"-",[1612,2252,2253],{"class":1638},"4",[1612,2255,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2257,2258],{"class":1638}," 4",[1612,2260,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2262,2263],{"class":1638}," 3",[1612,2265,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2267,1650],{"class":1622},[1612,2269,1653],{"class":1638},[1612,2271,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2273,1812],{"class":1638},[1612,2275,1642],{"class":1622},[1612,2277,1817],{"class":1638},[1612,2279,1656],{"class":1618},[1612,2281,1822],{"class":1622},[1827,2283,2284,2297],{},[1830,2285,2286],{},[1833,2287,2288,2291,2294],{},[1836,2289,2290],{},"对比",[1836,2292,2293],{},"透视相机",[1836,2295,2296],{},"正交相机",[1846,2298,2299,2310],{},[1833,2300,2301,2304,2307],{},[1851,2302,2303],{},"近大远小",[1851,2305,2306],{},"有，像人眼",[1851,2308,2309],{},"没有",[1833,2311,2312,2315,2318],{},[1851,2313,2314],{},"适合场景",[1851,2316,2317],{},"3D 场景、产品展示",[1851,2319,2320],{},"2D 游戏、工程图纸、CAD",[1531,2322,2323],{},"本课程统一使用透视相机，正交相机知道它的存在即可。",[1540,2325],{},[1526,2327,2329],{"id":2328},"小节总结","🧾 小节总结",[1550,2331,2332,2335,2342,2345,2348,2354],{},[1553,2333,2334],{},"坐标系：x 向右、y 向上、z 朝向屏幕外；相机默认在原点朝 -z 看。",[1553,2336,2337,2339,2340,1575],{},[1535,2338,1673],{}," 用弧度，90° = ",[1535,2341,1752],{},[1553,2343,2344],{},"透视相机四参数：fov（角度）、aspect（宽高比）、near（近）、far（远）。",[1553,2346,2347],{},"fov 大透视感强，fov 小像望远镜。",[1553,2349,2350,2351,2353],{},"物体在 ",[1535,2352,2188],{}," 范围外会被静默丢弃，这是“物体消失”的高频原因。",[1553,2355,2356],{},"正交相机无近大远小，适合 2D 和工程图场景。",[1540,2358],{},[1526,2360,2362],{"id":2361},"知识问答","❓ 知识问答",[1531,2364,2365],{},[1556,2366,2367,2368,2370],{},"Q1：",[1535,2369,1868],{}," 为什么必须等于画布的宽高比？",[1531,2372,2373,2374,2377,2378,2381],{},"不相等画面会被拉伸或压扁，就像把宽银幕电影挤进方形电视。画幅尺寸变化时（比如窗口缩放），记得同步更新：",[1535,2375,2376],{},"camera.aspect = 新宽 / 新高","，再调用 ",[1535,2379,2380],{},"camera.updateProjectionMatrix()"," 让它生效。",[1531,2383,2384],{},[1556,2385,2386,2387,2389],{},"Q2：相机需要 ",[1535,2388,2178],{}," 放进场景吗？",[1531,2391,2392],{},"不是必须的，相机不放进场景也能正常渲染。只有当相机要挂接在别的物体上（比如跟随角色移动）时，才需要加入场景。",[1531,2394,2395],{},[1556,2396,2397,2398,2401],{},"Q3：",[1535,2399,2400],{},"camera.lookAt()"," 之后还能改相机位置吗？",[1531,2403,2404,2405,2408,2409,2412],{},"可以，但改完要再调一次 ",[1535,2406,2407],{},"lookAt()","。因为 ",[1535,2410,2411],{},"lookAt"," 只是按“当时的位置”算好朝向，不会持续跟踪。",[1531,2414,2415],{},[1556,2416,2417],{},"Q4：怎么实现相机绕着物体转的效果？",[1531,2419,2420,2421,2423],{},"每一帧用三角函数更新相机位置的 x、z（让相机画圆），再配合 ",[1535,2422,2407],{}," 盯住物体。第 6 篇的 OrbitControls 已经把这个功能封装好了，直接用更方便。",[1540,2425],{},[1526,2427,2429],{"id":2428},"小练习","🧪 小练习",[1531,2431,2432],{},"做一个“找物体”实验：",[2171,2434,2435,2445,2452],{},[1553,2436,2437,2438,2441,2442,1575],{},"按 ",[1535,2439,2440],{},"PerspectiveCamera(75, 320 / 240, 0.1, 10)"," 创建相机，相机放在 ",[1535,2443,2444],{},"z = 5",[1553,2446,2447,2448,2451],{},"在 ",[1535,2449,2450],{},"z = -20"," 处放一个立方体，运行后解释为什么看不到它。",[1553,2453,2454,2455,2457],{},"把 ",[1535,2456,1894],{}," 改成 50，再观察立方体是否出现。",[1577,2459,2464],{"className":2460,"code":2461,"filename":2462,"language":2463,"meta":1583,"style":1583},"language-vue shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","\u003Ctemplate>\n    \u003Cdiv ref=\"containerRef\" class=\"container\">\u003C/div>\n\u003C/template>\n\n\u003Cscript setup>\nimport { onMounted, ref } from 'vue';\nimport * as THREE from 'three';\n\nconst containerRef = ref(null);\n\nonMounted(() => {\n    // 请在这里编写代码\n});\n\u003C/script>\n\n\u003Cstyle scoped>\n.container {\n    width: 320px;\n    height: 240px;\n}\n\u003C/style>\n","views/FindCube.vue","vue",[1535,2465,2466,2478,2519,2528,2532,2544,2577,2603,2608,2629,2634,2651,2657,2667,2676,2681,2694,2704,2719,2732,2738],{"__ignoreMap":1583},[1612,2467,2468,2471,2475],{"class":1614,"line":1615},[1612,2469,2470],{"class":1622},"\u003C",[1612,2472,2474],{"class":2473},"sd2Uz","template",[1612,2476,2477],{"class":1622},">\n",[1612,2479,2480,2483,2486,2489,2491,2494,2498,2500,2503,2505,2507,2510,2512,2515,2517],{"class":1614,"line":1666},[1612,2481,2482],{"class":1622},"    \u003C",[1612,2484,2485],{"class":2473},"div",[1612,2487,2488],{"class":1773}," 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