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visualizer",[1607,1708,1662],{"class":1654},[1607,1710,1665],{"class":1650},[1607,1712,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,1714,1550],{"class":1624},[1607,1716,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,1718,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,1720,1722],{"class":1609,"line":1721},4,[1607,1723,1725],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1724},true,"\n",[1607,1727,1729,1732,1735,1738,1741],{"class":1609,"line":1728},5,[1607,1730,1731],{"class":1650},"export",[1607,1733,1734],{"class":1650}," default",[1607,1736,1659],{"class":1737},"swgpB",[1607,1739,1740],{"class":1658},"(",[1607,1742,1743],{"class":1654},"{\n",[1607,1745,1747,1751,1754],{"class":1609,"line":1746},6,[1607,1748,1750],{"class":1749},"sd2Uz","    plugins",[1607,1752,1753],{"class":1654},":",[1607,1755,1756],{"class":1658}," [\n",[1607,1758,1760,1763,1766],{"class":1609,"line":1759},7,[1607,1761,1762],{"class":1737},"        vue",[1607,1764,1765],{"class":1658},"()",[1607,1767,1768],{"class":1654},",\n",[1607,1770,1772],{"class":1609,"line":1771},8,[1607,1773,1774],{"class":1613},"        // 构建时生成体积分析报告\n",[1607,1776,1778,1781,1783],{"class":1609,"line":1777},9,[1607,1779,1780],{"class":1737},"        visualizer",[1607,1782,1740],{"class":1658},[1607,1784,1743],{"class":1654},[1607,1786,1788,1791,1793,1795,1798,1800,1803],{"class":1609,"line":1787},10,[1607,1789,1790],{"class":1749},"            filename",[1607,1792,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,1794,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,1796,1797],{"class":1624},"dist/report.html",[1607,1799,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,1801,1802],{"class":1654},",",[1607,1804,1805],{"class":1613}," // 报告输出位置\n",[1607,1807,1809,1812,1814,1818,1820],{"class":1609,"line":1808},11,[1607,1810,1811],{"class":1749},"            open",[1607,1813,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,1815,1817],{"class":1816},"sPKOg"," true",[1607,1819,1802],{"class":1654},[1607,1821,1822],{"class":1613}," // 构建完成后自动在浏览器打开\n",[1607,1824,1826,1829,1832],{"class":1609,"line":1825},12,[1607,1827,1828],{"class":1654},"        }",[1607,1830,1831],{"class":1658},")",[1607,1833,1768],{"class":1654},[1607,1835,1837,1840],{"class":1609,"line":1836},13,[1607,1838,1839],{"class":1658},"    ]",[1607,1841,1768],{"class":1654},[1607,1843,1845,1848,1850],{"class":1609,"line":1844},14,[1607,1846,1847],{"class":1654},"}",[1607,1849,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,1851,1677],{"class":1654},[1530,1853,1854,1855,1858,1859,1862,1863,1866],{},"配置就这一处。Vite 配置的基础写法在 ",[1565,1856,1857],{"href":737},"Vite 课程","里有完整讲解，这里不重复。执行 ",[1604,1860,1861],{},"pnpm run build","，构建结束后浏览器会自动打开 ",[1604,1864,1865],{},"report.html","：",[1542,1868,1869,1876,1883],{},[1545,1870,1871,1872,1875],{},"报告里",[1534,1873,1874],{},"每个方块代表一个模块","，方块面积越大，说明它在产物中占的体积越大。",[1545,1877,1878,1879,1882],{},"方块按目录层级嵌套，你可以顺着 ",[1604,1880,1881],{},"node_modules"," 一路点进去，看清楚每个第三方依赖的实际大小。",[1545,1884,1885,1886,1889],{},"报告提供 gzip、brotli 两种压缩后体积的切换视图，",[1534,1887,1888],{},"评估线上传输体积时看 gzip 那一档","，更接近真实情况。",[1530,1891,1892,1893,1896],{},"拿到报告后，重点回答三个问题：",[1534,1894,1895],{},"哪个方块大得出乎意料？某个依赖是不是整个被打进来了？同一份代码是不是出现在了多个包里？"," 这三个问题的答案，就是你接下来瘦身的方向。",[1898,1899,1900],"tip",{},[1530,1901,1902,1903,1905],{},"报告文件只是分析用的，记得别把 ",[1604,1904,1797],{}," 一起部署到线上。",[1570,1907],{},[1525,1909,1911],{"id":1910},"瘦身手段一tree-shaking","✨ 瘦身手段一：Tree Shaking",[1530,1913,1914,1916,1917,1920],{},[1534,1915,922],{},"（摇树）是一种很基础也很省心的瘦身方式：构建时自动把",[1534,1918,1919],{},"没有被使用到的代码","从产物里剔除掉，就像摇一棵树，枯枝败叶落一地，留下真正有用的部分。",[1530,1922,1923,1924,1927,1928,1930,1931,1933,1934,1937],{},"它能生效，靠的是 ",[1534,1925,1926],{},"ES Module（ESM）的静态结构","。",[1604,1929,1651],{}," / ",[1604,1932,1731],{}," 在代码运行之前就是确定的，构建工具可以在不执行代码的情况下，静态分析出「哪些导出被谁用了」，没用到的就可以安全删掉。而 CommonJS 的 ",[1604,1935,1936],{},"require"," 是运行时动态执行的，没法这样分析，这也是现代构建工具都围绕 ESM 设计的原因之一。",[1530,1939,1940],{},"想让自己写的代码享受到 Tree Shaking，记住两个习惯：",[1530,1942,1943],{},[1534,1944,1945],{},"习惯一：尽量用具名导出，少用默认导出大包。",[1597,1947,1950],{"className":1641,"code":1948,"filename":1949,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 推荐：每个函数单独导出，用不到的不进产物\nexport function formatDate(date) {\n    return date.toLocaleDateString();\n}\n\nexport function formatPrice(num) {\n    return num.toFixed(2);\n}\n","utils.js",[1604,1951,1952,1957,1979,1997,2002,2006,2024,2046],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,1953,1954],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,1955,1956],{"class":1613},"// 推荐：每个函数单独导出，用不到的不进产物\n",[1607,1958,1959,1961,1965,1968,1970,1974,1976],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,1960,1731],{"class":1650},[1607,1962,1964],{"class":1963},"s50WR"," function",[1607,1966,1967],{"class":1737}," formatDate",[1607,1969,1740],{"class":1654},[1607,1971,1973],{"class":1972},"sK9QF","date",[1607,1975,1831],{"class":1654},[1607,1977,1978],{"class":1654}," {\n",[1607,1980,1981,1984,1987,1990,1993,1995],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,1982,1983],{"class":1650},"    return",[1607,1985,1986],{"class":1658}," date",[1607,1988,1989],{"class":1654},".",[1607,1991,1992],{"class":1737},"toLocaleDateString",[1607,1994,1765],{"class":1749},[1607,1996,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,1998,1999],{"class":1609,"line":1721},[1607,2000,2001],{"class":1654},"}\n",[1607,2003,2004],{"class":1609,"line":1728},[1607,2005,1725],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1724},[1607,2007,2008,2010,2012,2015,2017,2020,2022],{"class":1609,"line":1746},[1607,2009,1731],{"class":1650},[1607,2011,1964],{"class":1963},[1607,2013,2014],{"class":1737}," formatPrice",[1607,2016,1740],{"class":1654},[1607,2018,2019],{"class":1972},"num",[1607,2021,1831],{"class":1654},[1607,2023,1978],{"class":1654},[1607,2025,2026,2028,2031,2033,2036,2038,2042,2044],{"class":1609,"line":1759},[1607,2027,1983],{"class":1650},[1607,2029,2030],{"class":1658}," num",[1607,2032,1989],{"class":1654},[1607,2034,2035],{"class":1737},"toFixed",[1607,2037,1740],{"class":1749},[1607,2039,2041],{"class":2040},"smPcV","2",[1607,2043,1831],{"class":1749},[1607,2045,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2047,2048],{"class":1609,"line":1771},[1607,2049,2001],{"class":1654},[1597,2051,2053],{"className":1641,"code":2052,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 业务代码里只 import 用到的，formatPrice 会被摇掉\nimport { formatDate } from './utils';\n",[1604,2054,2055,2060],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2056,2057],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2058,2059],{"class":1613},"// 业务代码里只 import 用到的，formatPrice 会被摇掉\n",[1607,2061,2062,2064,2066,2068,2070,2072,2074,2077,2079],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2063,1651],{"class":1650},[1607,2065,1655],{"class":1654},[1607,2067,1967],{"class":1658},[1607,2069,1662],{"class":1654},[1607,2071,1665],{"class":1650},[1607,2073,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2075,2076],{"class":1624},"./utils",[1607,2078,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2080,1677],{"class":1654},[1530,2082,2083,2086],{},[1534,2084,2085],{},"习惯二：避免在模块顶层写「副作用代码」。"," 副作用指的是模块一被导入就执行的动作，比如修改全局变量、给原型挂方法、发请求。构建工具无法判断这些代码能不能删，为了保险只能保留：",[1597,2088,2091],{"className":1641,"code":2089,"filename":2090,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 顶层直接执行：哪怕没人用，构建工具也不敢删\nconsole.log('模块被加载了');\nwindow.myLib = { version: '1.0.0' };\n\nexport function doSomething() {}\n","bad.js",[1604,2092,2093,2098,2121,2151,2155],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2094,2095],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2096,2097],{"class":1613},"// 顶层直接执行：哪怕没人用，构建工具也不敢删\n",[1607,2099,2100,2103,2105,2108,2110,2112,2115,2117,2119],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2101,2102],{"class":1658},"console",[1607,2104,1989],{"class":1654},[1607,2106,2107],{"class":1737},"log",[1607,2109,1740],{"class":1658},[1607,2111,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2113,2114],{"class":1624},"模块被加载了",[1607,2116,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2118,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2120,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2122,2123,2126,2128,2131,2134,2136,2139,2141,2143,2146,2148],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2124,2125],{"class":1658},"window",[1607,2127,1989],{"class":1654},[1607,2129,2130],{"class":1658},"myLib ",[1607,2132,2133],{"class":1654},"=",[1607,2135,1655],{"class":1654},[1607,2137,2138],{"class":1749}," version",[1607,2140,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,2142,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2144,2145],{"class":1624},"1.0.0",[1607,2147,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2149,2150],{"class":1654}," };\n",[1607,2152,2153],{"class":1609,"line":1721},[1607,2154,1725],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1724},[1607,2156,2157,2159,2161,2164,2166],{"class":1609,"line":1728},[1607,2158,1731],{"class":1650},[1607,2160,1964],{"class":1963},[1607,2162,2163],{"class":1737}," doSomething",[1607,2165,1765],{"class":1654},[1607,2167,2168],{"class":1654}," {}\n",[1530,2170,2171],{},"把这类初始化逻辑收进函数里，让使用方主动调用，模块就重新变得「可摇」了。",[2173,2174,2175],"warning",{},[1530,2176,2177,2178,2181,2182,2184],{},"Tree Shaking 只在",[1534,2179,2180],{},"生产构建","时生效（开发模式为了方便调试不会删代码），验证效果时记得用 ",[1604,2183,1861],{}," 的产物，别拿 dev server 的体积说事。",[1570,2186],{},[1525,2188,2190],{"id":2189},"瘦身手段二压缩混淆与按需引入","⚡ 瘦身手段二：压缩混淆与按需引入",[1530,2192,2193,2196,2197,2199,2200,2203],{},[1534,2194,2195],{},"压缩混淆","简单说两句：生产构建时，构建工具会自动删除空格注释、把变量名缩短成 ",[1604,2198,1565],{},"、",[1604,2201,2202],{},"b","、合并重复代码。Vite、Webpack 的默认配置已经开启了这一步，你基本不用操心，知道它在默默干活就行。",[1530,2205,2206,2207,2210],{},"真正值得你动手的是 ",[1534,2208,2209],{},"按需引入","：只用库的一部分，就只打包那一部分。",[1530,2212,2213],{},"组件库和工具库是体积大户。以工具库 lodash 为例，它提供了上百个函数，但你一个项目里常用的可能就几个。全量引入和按需引入的写法差别很小，产物体积差别却很大：",[1597,2215,2217],{"className":1641,"code":2216,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 全量引入：整个 lodash 库都进了产物\nimport _ from 'lodash';\n_.debounce(fn, 300);\n",[1604,2218,2219,2224,2242],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2220,2221],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2222,2223],{"class":1613},"// 全量引入：整个 lodash 库都进了产物\n",[1607,2225,2226,2228,2231,2233,2235,2238,2240],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2227,1651],{"class":1650},[1607,2229,2230],{"class":1658}," _ ",[1607,2232,1687],{"class":1650},[1607,2234,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2236,2237],{"class":1624},"lodash",[1607,2239,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2241,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2243,2244,2247,2249,2252,2255,2257,2260,2262],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2245,2246],{"class":1658},"_",[1607,2248,1989],{"class":1654},[1607,2250,2251],{"class":1737},"debounce",[1607,2253,2254],{"class":1658},"(fn",[1607,2256,1802],{"class":1654},[1607,2258,2259],{"class":2040}," 300",[1607,2261,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2263,1677],{"class":1654},[1597,2265,2267],{"className":1641,"code":2266,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 按需引入：只打包 debounce 这一个函数（lodash-es 是 ESM 版本，支持 Tree Shaking）\nimport { debounce } from 'lodash-es';\ndebounce(fn, 300);\n",[1604,2268,2269,2274,2296],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2270,2271],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2272,2273],{"class":1613},"// 按需引入：只打包 debounce 这一个函数（lodash-es 是 ESM 版本，支持 Tree Shaking）\n",[1607,2275,2276,2278,2280,2283,2285,2287,2289,2292,2294],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2277,1651],{"class":1650},[1607,2279,1655],{"class":1654},[1607,2281,2282],{"class":1658}," debounce",[1607,2284,1662],{"class":1654},[1607,2286,1665],{"class":1650},[1607,2288,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2290,2291],{"class":1624},"lodash-es",[1607,2293,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2295,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2297,2298,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2299,2251],{"class":1737},[1607,2301,2254],{"class":1658},[1607,2303,1802],{"class":1654},[1607,2305,2259],{"class":2040},[1607,2307,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2309,1677],{"class":1654},[1530,2311,2312,2313,2316],{},"组件库同理。Element Plus 这类主流组件库都提供了自动按需引入的方案（借助 ",[1604,2314,2315],{},"unplugin-vue-components"," 等插件），模板里用到哪个组件，构建时才打包哪个组件的代码和样式，而不是整库照单全收。具体接入步骤官方文档写得很清楚，这里记住思路即可。",[1898,2318,2319],{},[1530,2320,2321,2322,2325,2326,2328,2329,2331],{},"选工具库时优先选带 ",[1604,2323,2324],{},"-es"," 后缀或标明 ESM 的版本（如 ",[1604,2327,2291],{}," 而非 ",[1604,2330,2237],{},"），ESM 格式才能配合 Tree Shaking 把没用到的部分摇掉。",[1570,2333],{},[1525,2335,2337],{"id":2336},"瘦身手段三cdn-外链","🪤 瘦身手段三：CDN 外链",[1530,2339,2340,2341,2344,2345,2348],{},"还有一种思路更「激进」：",[1534,2342,2343],{},"某些依赖干脆不打进产物","，构建时把它排除掉，页面上改用 ",[1604,2346,2347],{},"\u003Cscript>"," 标签从公共 CDN 加载。",[1530,2350,2351,2352,2355,2356,2359],{},"这种做法叫 ",[1534,2353,2354],{},"externals","（外部依赖）。以 Vite 为例，配置 Rollup 的 ",[1604,2357,2358],{},"external"," 选项：",[1597,2361,2363],{"className":1641,"code":2362,"filename":1637,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"export default defineConfig({\n    build: {\n        rollupOptions: {\n            // 构建时不打包 lodash-es，代码里的 import 会原样保留\n            external: ['lodash-es'],\n        },\n    },\n});\n",[1604,2364,2365,2377,2386,2395,2400,2421,2426,2431],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2366,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2368,1731],{"class":1650},[1607,2370,1734],{"class":1650},[1607,2372,1659],{"class":1737},[1607,2374,1740],{"class":1658},[1607,2376,1743],{"class":1654},[1607,2378,2379,2382,2384],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2380,2381],{"class":1749},"    build",[1607,2383,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,2385,1978],{"class":1654},[1607,2387,2388,2391,2393],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2389,2390],{"class":1749},"        rollupOptions",[1607,2392,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,2394,1978],{"class":1654},[1607,2396,2397],{"class":1609,"line":1721},[1607,2398,2399],{"class":1613},"            // 构建时不打包 lodash-es，代码里的 import 会原样保留\n",[1607,2401,2402,2405,2407,2410,2412,2414,2416,2419],{"class":1609,"line":1728},[1607,2403,2404],{"class":1749},"            external",[1607,2406,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,2408,2409],{"class":1658}," [",[1607,2411,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2413,2291],{"class":1624},[1607,2415,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2417,2418],{"class":1658},"]",[1607,2420,1768],{"class":1654},[1607,2422,2423],{"class":1609,"line":1746},[1607,2424,2425],{"class":1654},"        },\n",[1607,2427,2428],{"class":1609,"line":1759},[1607,2429,2430],{"class":1654},"    },\n",[1607,2432,2433,2435,2437],{"class":1609,"line":1771},[1607,2434,1847],{"class":1654},[1607,2436,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2438,1677],{"class":1654},[1530,2440,2441],{},"同时在 HTML 里用 script 标签从 CDN 引入对应的全局变量版本。这样产物里就完全没有这个库了，体积直接减掉一大块。",[1530,2443,2444,2445,2448],{},"CDN 外链适合什么样的依赖？",[1534,2446,2447],{},"体积大、版本稳定、更新不频繁","的库，比如某些图表库、富文本编辑器。好处有两个：一是你的产物立刻变小；二是公共 CDN 的节点离用户更近，如果用户访问过用同一个 CDN 的其他网站，文件可能已经在浏览器缓存里了，加载近乎零成本。",[1530,2450,2451],{},"代价也要想清楚：",[1542,2453,2454,2460,2466],{},[1545,2455,2456,2459],{},[1534,2457,2458],{},"可用性风险","：你的站点从此依赖第三方 CDN 的稳定性，对方挂了，你的功能也跟着挂。",[1545,2461,2462,2465],{},[1534,2463,2464],{},"失去 Tree Shaking","：外链的全局变量版本通常是整库，用不到的部分也一起加载了。",[1545,2467,2468,2471],{},[1534,2469,2470],{},"版本管理变复杂","：npm 包和 CDN 文件的版本要手动对齐，升级时容易顾此失彼。",[1530,2473,2474,2475,2478],{},"所以 CDN 外链不是常规手段，而是",[1534,2476,2477],{},"针对个别「又大又稳」的依赖","做的取舍。业务代码、频繁升级的框架，还是老老实实交给构建工具打包。",[1570,2480],{},[1525,2482,2484],{"id":2483},"优化闭环改一步量一步","💡 优化闭环：改一步，量一步",[1530,2486,2487,2488],{},"上面讲了四种手段，但比手段更重要的是工作方式：",[1534,2489,2490],{},"每做一次优化，就重新构建、重新看报告，确认体积真的变小了。",[1530,2492,2493],{},"原因很简单：优化的效果常常和直觉不一致。你以为删掉一个依赖能省很多，报告告诉你它其实只占零头；你以为按需引入生效了，报告却发现配置写错、整库还是进来了。没有验证，这些问题你根本发现不了。",[1530,2495,2496],{},"推荐的流程是这样的：",[2498,2499,2500,2506,2512,2518],"ol",{},[1545,2501,2502,2505],{},[1534,2503,2504],{},"基线测量","：优化前先跑一次构建，把报告里几个大文件的体积记下来，作为对比基准。",[1545,2507,2508,2511],{},[1534,2509,2510],{},"单步改动","：一次只做一项优化（比如先接按需引入），不要几项一起上，否则体积变化对不上号，你分不清是哪一步起的作用。",[1545,2513,2514,2517],{},[1534,2515,2516],{},"验证对比","：重新构建，对照报告确认目标方块确实变小了，再记一笔。",[1545,2519,2520,2523],{},[1534,2521,2522],{},"回归检查","：确认功能没有被改坏（比如 CDN 外链后页面还能正常跑），再进入下一轮。",[1530,2525,2526,2527,1927],{},"把这个流程跑上几轮，你对项目的体积构成就心里有数了，这也是性能优化这项工作的基本节奏：",[1534,2528,2529],{},"测量 → 优化 → 再测量",[1570,2531],{},[1525,2533,2535],{"id":2534},"小节总结","🧾 小节总结",[1542,2537,2538,2541,2544,2547,2553,2556],{},[1545,2539,2540],{},"优化前先测量：用 rollup-plugin-visualizer 生成可视化报告，方块越大占体积越多，评估线上传输看 gzip 体积。",[1545,2542,2543],{},"看报告回答三个问题：哪个方块大得出乎意料？哪个依赖被整个打进来了？同一份代码是否出现在多个包里？",[1545,2545,2546],{},"Tree Shaking 基于 ESM 静态分析，自动删除未使用代码；配合它的两个习惯是具名导出、避免模块顶层副作用，且只在生产构建时生效。",[1545,2548,2549,2550,2552],{},"压缩混淆由构建工具默认完成；按需引入（如 ",[1604,2551,2291],{}," 的具名导入、组件库自动按需方案）才是需要你动手的部分。",[1545,2554,2555],{},"CDN 外链（externals）适合体积大、版本稳定的依赖，代价是可用性风险、失去 Tree Shaking、版本要对齐。",[1545,2557,2558],{},"养成「改一步、量一步」的习惯：先记基线，单步改动，用报告验证体积变化，再回归功能。",[1570,2560],{},[1525,2562,2564],{"id":2563},"知识问答","❓ 知识问答",[1530,2566,2567],{},[1534,2568,2569],{},"Q1：报告里看到的体积就是用户实际下载的体积吗？",[1530,2571,2572],{},"A：不完全是。报告默认显示的是打包后的原始体积，用户实际下载的是经过 gzip 或 brotli 压缩后的体积，两者差距可能很大。评估加载性能时，切到报告的 gzip 视图看更接近真实情况。",[1530,2574,2575],{},[1534,2576,2577,2578,2581],{},"Q2：我用了 ",[1604,2579,2580],{},"import _ from 'lodash'","，为什么 Tree Shaking 没帮我把没用到的函数删掉？",[1530,2583,2584,2585,2587,2588,2590,2591,2593],{},"A：两个原因叠加：默认导出的对象（",[1604,2586,2246],{},"）上挂了所有函数，构建工具没法判断你用了哪些；而且 ",[1604,2589,2237],{}," 是 CommonJS 格式，不支持静态分析。换成 ESM 版本的 ",[1604,2592,2291],{}," 加具名导入就能解决了。",[1530,2595,2596],{},[1534,2597,2598],{},"Q3：Tree Shaking 会不会误删我需要的代码？",[1530,2600,2601,2602,2605,2606,2609],{},"A：对纯函数式的模块很安全。有风险的是带副作用的模块（比如导入即注册全局样式的 CSS、顶层执行初始化的 JS），构建工具可能误判。遇到这类代码，npm 包通常会在 ",[1604,2603,2604],{},"package.json"," 的 ",[1604,2607,2608],{},"sideEffects"," 字段里声明，自己写的代码则尽量把副作用收进函数里。",[1530,2611,2612],{},[1534,2613,2614],{},"Q4：CDN 外链和按需引入能不能一起用？",[1530,2616,2617],{},"A：思路上是二选一的关系：走 CDN 的库已经不参与打包了，按需引入就无从谈起。所以取舍点是：这个库你只用一点点，按需引入更划算；你用了它大部分功能且它又大又稳定，才考虑 CDN 外链。",[1530,2619,2620],{},[1534,2621,2622],{},"Q5：这些手段在 Webpack 项目里一样适用吗？",[1530,2624,2625,2626,2629],{},"A：思路完全一样。Tree Shaking、压缩、externals 都是构建工具的通用概念，只是配置写法不同（比如 Webpack 的 externals 是顶层配置项）。报告工具换成 ",[1604,2627,2628],{},"webpack-bundle-analyzer","，用法和本篇的 visualizer 类似。",[1570,2631],{},[1525,2633,2635],{"id":2634},"小练习","🧪 小练习",[1530,2637,2638,2639,2642],{},"给你手头的一个 Vite 项目（没有的话用 ",[1604,2640,2641],{},"pnpm create vite"," 新建一个）做一次完整的「测量 → 优化 → 验证」：",[1530,2644,2645,2648,2649,2651],{},[1534,2646,2647],{},"练习一","：安装 rollup-plugin-visualizer 并配置好，跑一次 ",[1604,2650,1861],{},"，打开报告，找出体积占比较大的三个模块，记录下来。",[1597,2653,2655],{"className":1641,"code":2654,"filename":1637,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"import { defineConfig } from 'vite';\nimport vue from '@vitejs/plugin-vue';\n// 请在这里编写代码：引入 rollup-plugin-visualizer 的 visualizer\n\nexport default defineConfig({\n    plugins: [\n        vue(),\n        // 请在这里编写代码：注册 visualizer，设置 open: true\n    ],\n});\n",[1604,2656,2657,2677,2693,2698,2702,2714,2722,2730,2735,2741],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2658,2659,2661,2663,2665,2667,2669,2671,2673,2675],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2660,1651],{"class":1650},[1607,2662,1655],{"class":1654},[1607,2664,1659],{"class":1658},[1607,2666,1662],{"class":1654},[1607,2668,1665],{"class":1650},[1607,2670,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2672,1671],{"class":1624},[1607,2674,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2676,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2678,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687,2689,2691],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2680,1651],{"class":1650},[1607,2682,1684],{"class":1658},[1607,2684,1687],{"class":1650},[1607,2686,1668],{"class":1654},[1607,2688,1692],{"class":1624},[1607,2690,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2692,1677],{"class":1654},[1607,2694,2695],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2696,2697],{"class":1613},"// 请在这里编写代码：引入 rollup-plugin-visualizer 的 visualizer\n",[1607,2699,2700],{"class":1609,"line":1721},[1607,2701,1725],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1724},[1607,2703,2704,2706,2708,2710,2712],{"class":1609,"line":1728},[1607,2705,1731],{"class":1650},[1607,2707,1734],{"class":1650},[1607,2709,1659],{"class":1737},[1607,2711,1740],{"class":1658},[1607,2713,1743],{"class":1654},[1607,2715,2716,2718,2720],{"class":1609,"line":1746},[1607,2717,1750],{"class":1749},[1607,2719,1753],{"class":1654},[1607,2721,1756],{"class":1658},[1607,2723,2724,2726,2728],{"class":1609,"line":1759},[1607,2725,1762],{"class":1737},[1607,2727,1765],{"class":1658},[1607,2729,1768],{"class":1654},[1607,2731,2732],{"class":1609,"line":1771},[1607,2733,2734],{"class":1613},"        // 请在这里编写代码：注册 visualizer，设置 open: true\n",[1607,2736,2737,2739],{"class":1609,"line":1777},[1607,2738,1839],{"class":1658},[1607,2740,1768],{"class":1654},[1607,2742,2743,2745,2747],{"class":1609,"line":1787},[1607,2744,1847],{"class":1654},[1607,2746,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2748,1677],{"class":1654},[1530,2750,2751,2754,2755,2757,2758,2760],{},[1534,2752,2753],{},"练习二","：在项目里安装 ",[1604,2756,2291],{},"（Node.js v22 环境，包版本 4.x），分别用全量引入和具名引入两种方式使用 ",[1604,2759,2251],{},"，各构建一次，对比报告中 lodash 方块的体积变化，体会按需引入的效果。",[1597,2762,2764],{"className":1641,"code":2763,"language":1643,"meta":1602,"style":1602},"// 请在这里编写代码：用具名导入的方式引入 debounce，并调用一次\n\nconst onInput = () => console.log('input');\n",[1604,2765,2766,2771,2775],{"__ignoreMap":1602},[1607,2767,2768],{"class":1609,"line":1610},[1607,2769,2770],{"class":1613},"// 请在这里编写代码：用具名导入的方式引入 debounce，并调用一次\n",[1607,2772,2773],{"class":1609,"line":1617},[1607,2774,1725],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1724},[1607,2776,2777,2780,2783,2785,2788,2791,2794,2796,2798,2800,2802,2805,2807,2809],{"class":1609,"line":1699},[1607,2778,2779],{"class":1963},"const",[1607,2781,2782],{"class":1658}," onInput ",[1607,2784,2133],{"class":1654},[1607,2786,2787],{"class":1654}," ()",[1607,2789,2790],{"class":1963}," =>",[1607,2792,2793],{"class":1658}," console",[1607,2795,1989],{"class":1654},[1607,2797,2107],{"class":1737},[1607,2799,1740],{"class":1658},[1607,2801,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2803,2804],{"class":1624},"input",[1607,2806,1674],{"class":1654},[1607,2808,1831],{"class":1658},[1607,2810,1677],{"class":1654},[1570,2812],{},[1530,2814,2815],{},"🎉 恭喜你已经掌握构建产物优化技能啦！现在你有了分析工具这把「秤」，也学会了四种常用的瘦身手段。下一篇我们将学习性能监控指标，用真实数据衡量你优化后的成果。",[2817,2818,2819],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .syuKq, html code.shiki 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