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Koa",[1555,1742,1619],{"class":1561},[1555,1744,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1746,1747],{"class":1557,"line":1628},[1555,1748,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,1750,1751,1753,1755,1757,1759,1761,1763,1765,1767,1769,1771,1773],{"class":1557,"line":1634},[1555,1752,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,1754,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1756,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,1758,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,1760,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,1762,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,1764,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,1766,1587],{"class":1565},[1555,1768,1590],{"class":1583},[1555,1770,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,1772,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,1774,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,1776,1778,1781,1783,1786,1788,1790,1793,1795,1797],{"class":1557,"line":1777},6,[1555,1779,1780],{"class":1561},"    console",[1555,1782,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1784,1785],{"class":1569},"log",[1555,1787,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,1789,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1791,1792],{"class":1711},"1 进入",[1555,1794,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1796,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,1798,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1800,1802,1804,1806,1808],{"class":1557,"line":1801},7,[1555,1803,1613],{"class":1612},[1555,1805,1590],{"class":1569},[1555,1807,1619],{"class":1618},[1555,1809,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1811,1813,1815,1817,1819,1821,1823,1826,1828,1830],{"class":1557,"line":1812},8,[1555,1814,1780],{"class":1561},[1555,1816,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1818,1785],{"class":1569},[1555,1820,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,1822,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1824,1825],{"class":1711},"1 返回",[1555,1827,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1829,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,1831,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1833,1835,1837,1839],{"class":1557,"line":1834},9,[1555,1836,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,1838,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,1840,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1842,1844],{"class":1557,"line":1843},10,[1555,1845,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,1847,1849,1851,1853,1855,1857,1859,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871],{"class":1557,"line":1848},11,[1555,1850,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,1852,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1854,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,1856,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,1858,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,1860,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,1862,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,1864,1587],{"class":1565},[1555,1866,1590],{"class":1583},[1555,1868,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,1870,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,1872,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,1874,1876,1878,1880,1882,1884,1886,1889,1891,1893],{"class":1557,"line":1875},12,[1555,1877,1780],{"class":1561},[1555,1879,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1881,1785],{"class":1569},[1555,1883,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,1885,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1887,1888],{"class":1711},"2 进入",[1555,1890,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1892,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,1894,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1896,1898,1900,1902,1904],{"class":1557,"line":1897},13,[1555,1899,1613],{"class":1612},[1555,1901,1590],{"class":1569},[1555,1903,1619],{"class":1618},[1555,1905,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1907,1909,1911,1913,1915,1917,1919,1922,1924,1926],{"class":1557,"line":1908},14,[1555,1910,1780],{"class":1561},[1555,1912,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1914,1785],{"class":1569},[1555,1916,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,1918,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1920,1921],{"class":1711},"2 返回",[1555,1923,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1925,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,1927,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1929,1931,1933,1935],{"class":1557,"line":1930},15,[1555,1932,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,1934,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,1936,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1938,1940],{"class":1557,"line":1939},16,[1555,1941,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955,1957,1959,1961,1963],{"class":1557,"line":1944},17,[1555,1946,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,1948,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1950,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,1952,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,1954,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,1956,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,1958,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,1960,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,1962,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,1964,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1981,1983,1985],{"class":1557,"line":1967},18,[1555,1969,1780],{"class":1561},[1555,1971,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1973,1785],{"class":1569},[1555,1975,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,1977,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1979,1980],{"class":1711},"3 核心处理",[1555,1982,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,1984,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,1986,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,1988,1990,1993,1995,1998,2001,2003,2006,2008],{"class":1557,"line":1989},19,[1555,1991,1992],{"class":1561},"    ctx",[1555,1994,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,1996,1997],{"class":1561},"body",[1555,1999,2000],{"class":1565}," =",[1555,2002,1708],{"class":1565},[1555,2004,2005],{"class":1711},"Hello",[1555,2007,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2009,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2011,2013,2015,2017],{"class":1557,"line":2012},20,[1555,2014,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2016,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2018,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2020,2022],{"class":1557,"line":2021},21,[1555,2023,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2025,2027,2029,2031,2034,2036,2040,2042],{"class":1557,"line":2026},22,[1555,2028,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2030,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2032,2033],{"class":1569},"listen",[1555,2035,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2037,2039],{"class":2038},"smPcV","3000",[1555,2041,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2043,1642],{"class":1565},[1530,2045,2046,2047,2050],{},"访问一次 ",[1552,2048,2049],{},"http://localhost:3000","，终端的输出顺序是：",[1544,2052,2056],{"className":2053,"code":2054,"language":2055,"meta":1550,"style":1550},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","1 进入\n2 进入\n3 核心处理\n2 返回\n1 返回\n","bash",[1552,2057,2058,2067,2074,2082,2089],{"__ignoreMap":1550},[1555,2059,2060,2064],{"class":1557,"line":1558},[1555,2061,2063],{"class":2062},"sYGMc","1",[1555,2065,2066],{"class":1711}," 进入\n",[1555,2068,2069,2072],{"class":1557,"line":1602},[1555,2070,2071],{"class":2062},"2",[1555,2073,2066],{"class":1711},[1555,2075,2076,2079],{"class":1557,"line":1609},[1555,2077,2078],{"class":2062},"3",[1555,2080,2081],{"class":1711}," 核心处理\n",[1555,2083,2084,2086],{"class":1557,"line":1628},[1555,2085,2071],{"class":2062},[1555,2087,2088],{"class":1711}," 返回\n",[1555,2090,2091,2093],{"class":1557,"line":1634},[1555,2092,2063],{"class":2062},[1555,2094,2088],{"class":1711},[1530,2096,2097,2098,2101,2102,2104],{},"把中间件想象成一层层的",[1663,2099,2100],{},"洋葱","：请求从外往里钻，穿过第 1 层、第 2 层，到达最核心的业务处理；处理完后响应再一层层往外传出来，原路返回。",[1552,2103,1675],{}," 就是“往里钻”的那一步，它之后的代码在“往外传”时才执行。",[1544,2106,2111],{"className":2107,"code":2109,"language":2110,"meta":1550},[2108],"language-text","       请求 →\n  ┌──────────────────┐\n  │  中间件1         │\n  │   ┌──────────┐   │\n  │   │ 中间件2  │   │\n  │   │  ┌────┐  │   │\n  │   │  │核心│  │   │\n  │   │  └────┘  │   │\n  │   └──────────┘   │\n  └──────────────────┘\n       ← 响应\n","text",[1552,2112,2109],{"__ignoreMap":1550},[2114,2115,2116],"tip",{},[1530,2117,2118,2119,2122],{},"记住口诀：",[1663,2120,2121],{},"先进后出","。先进入的中间件，最后才完成返回。这和函数调用栈是一个道理。",[1534,2124],{},[1525,2126,2128],{"id":2127},"经典实战响应时间统计","🛠 经典实战：响应时间统计",[1530,2130,2131],{},"洋葱模型不是花架子，它让“包裹整个请求过程”的统计变得自然。看一个经典例子：统计每个请求的处理耗时。",[1544,2133,2135],{"className":1546,"code":2134,"filename":1548,"language":1549,"meta":1550,"style":1550},"import Koa from 'koa';\n\nconst app = new Koa();\n\n// 响应时间统计中间件\napp.use(async (ctx, next) => {\n    const start = Date.now(); // 进入时记录开始时间\n\n    await next(); // 交给后面的中间件处理业务\n\n    // 返回时：业务已经处理完，计算耗时\n    const ms = Date.now() - start;\n    ctx.set('X-Response-Time', `${ms}ms`);\n    console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.path} - ${ms}ms`);\n});\n\n// 业务中间件\napp.use(async (ctx) => {\n    ctx.body = 'Hello Koa';\n});\n\napp.listen(3000);\n",[1552,2136,2137,2153,2157,2173,2177,2182,2208,2233,2237,2250,2254,2259,2284,2321,2373,2381,2385,2390,2412,2431,2439,2443],{"__ignoreMap":1550},[1555,2138,2139,2141,2143,2145,2147,2149,2151],{"class":1557,"line":1558},[1555,2140,1699],{"class":1612},[1555,2142,1702],{"class":1561},[1555,2144,1705],{"class":1612},[1555,2146,1708],{"class":1565},[1555,2148,1712],{"class":1711},[1555,2150,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2152,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2154,2155],{"class":1557,"line":1602},[1555,2156,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2158,2159,2161,2163,2165,2167,2169,2171],{"class":1557,"line":1609},[1555,2160,1728],{"class":1576},[1555,2162,1731],{"class":1561},[1555,2164,1734],{"class":1565},[1555,2166,1737],{"class":1565},[1555,2168,1740],{"class":1569},[1555,2170,1619],{"class":1561},[1555,2172,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2174,2175],{"class":1557,"line":1628},[1555,2176,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2178,2179],{"class":1557,"line":1634},[1555,2180,2181],{"class":1605},"// 响应时间统计中间件\n",[1555,2183,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196,2198,2200,2202,2204,2206],{"class":1557,"line":1777},[1555,2185,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2187,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2189,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,2191,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2193,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,2195,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,2197,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,2199,1587],{"class":1565},[1555,2201,1590],{"class":1583},[1555,2203,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,2205,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,2207,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,2209,2210,2213,2216,2218,2221,2223,2226,2228,2230],{"class":1557,"line":1801},[1555,2211,2212],{"class":1576},"    const",[1555,2214,2215],{"class":1561}," start",[1555,2217,2000],{"class":1565},[1555,2219,2220],{"class":1561}," Date",[1555,2222,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2224,2225],{"class":1569},"now",[1555,2227,1619],{"class":1618},[1555,2229,1622],{"class":1565},[1555,2231,2232],{"class":1605}," // 进入时记录开始时间\n",[1555,2234,2235],{"class":1557,"line":1812},[1555,2236,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2238,2239,2241,2243,2245,2247],{"class":1557,"line":1834},[1555,2240,1613],{"class":1612},[1555,2242,1590],{"class":1569},[1555,2244,1619],{"class":1618},[1555,2246,1622],{"class":1565},[1555,2248,2249],{"class":1605}," // 交给后面的中间件处理业务\n",[1555,2251,2252],{"class":1557,"line":1843},[1555,2253,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2255,2256],{"class":1557,"line":1848},[1555,2257,2258],{"class":1605},"    // 返回时：业务已经处理完，计算耗时\n",[1555,2260,2261,2263,2266,2268,2270,2272,2274,2277,2280,2282],{"class":1557,"line":1875},[1555,2262,2212],{"class":1576},[1555,2264,2265],{"class":1561}," ms",[1555,2267,2000],{"class":1565},[1555,2269,2220],{"class":1561},[1555,2271,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2273,2225],{"class":1569},[1555,2275,2276],{"class":1618},"() ",[1555,2278,2279],{"class":1565},"-",[1555,2281,2215],{"class":1561},[1555,2283,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2285,2286,2288,2290,2293,2295,2297,2300,2302,2304,2307,2310,2312,2314,2317,2319],{"class":1557,"line":1897},[1555,2287,1992],{"class":1561},[1555,2289,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2291,2292],{"class":1569},"set",[1555,2294,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,2296,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2298,2299],{"class":1711},"X-Response-Time",[1555,2301,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2303,1587],{"class":1565},[1555,2305,2306],{"class":1565}," `${",[1555,2308,2309],{"class":1561},"ms",[1555,2311,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2313,2309],{"class":1711},[1555,2315,2316],{"class":1565},"`",[1555,2318,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,2320,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2322,2323,2325,2327,2329,2331,2334,2336,2338,2341,2343,2346,2348,2350,2353,2355,2358,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371],{"class":1557,"line":1908},[1555,2324,1780],{"class":1561},[1555,2326,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2328,1785],{"class":1569},[1555,2330,1573],{"class":1618},[1555,2332,2333],{"class":1565},"`${",[1555,2335,1584],{"class":1561},[1555,2337,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2339,2340],{"class":1561},"method",[1555,2342,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2344,2345],{"class":1565}," ${",[1555,2347,1584],{"class":1561},[1555,2349,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2351,2352],{"class":1561},"path",[1555,2354,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2356,2357],{"class":1711}," - ",[1555,2359,2360],{"class":1565},"${",[1555,2362,2309],{"class":1561},[1555,2364,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2366,2309],{"class":1711},[1555,2368,2316],{"class":1565},[1555,2370,1593],{"class":1618},[1555,2372,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2374,2375,2377,2379],{"class":1557,"line":1930},[1555,2376,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2378,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2380,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2382,2383],{"class":1557,"line":1939},[1555,2384,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2386,2387],{"class":1557,"line":1944},[1555,2388,2389],{"class":1605},"// 业务中间件\n",[1555,2391,2392,2394,2396,2398,2400,2402,2404,2406,2408,2410],{"class":1557,"line":1967},[1555,2393,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2395,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2397,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,2399,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2401,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,2403,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,2405,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,2407,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,2409,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,2411,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,2413,2414,2416,2418,2420,2422,2424,2427,2429],{"class":1557,"line":1989},[1555,2415,1992],{"class":1561},[1555,2417,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2419,1997],{"class":1561},[1555,2421,2000],{"class":1565},[1555,2423,1708],{"class":1565},[1555,2425,2426],{"class":1711},"Hello Koa",[1555,2428,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2430,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2432,2433,2435,2437],{"class":1557,"line":2012},[1555,2434,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2436,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2438,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2440,2441],{"class":1557,"line":2021},[1555,2442,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2444,2445,2447,2449,2451,2453,2455,2457],{"class":1557,"line":2026},[1555,2446,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2448,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2450,2033],{"class":1569},[1555,2452,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2454,2039],{"class":2038},[1555,2456,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2458,1642],{"class":1565},[1530,2460,2461,2462,2465,2466,2468],{},"访问页面后，终端会打印类似 ",[1552,2463,2464],{},"GET / - 3ms"," 的日志，浏览器响应头里也能看到 ",[1552,2467,2299],{},"。",[1530,2470,2471,2472,2468,2477,2480],{},"这个例子的巧妙之处：",[1663,2473,2474,2476],{},[1552,2475,1675],{}," 一行代码，把整个业务处理过程夹在了中间",[1552,2478,2479],{},"start"," 在它之前记录，耗时计算在它之后进行，刚好完整包裹了请求的生命周期。如果换成分布在请求、响应两个钩子里的写法，就没有这么直观了。",[1534,2482],{},[1525,2484,2486],{"id":2485},"️-与-express-中间件的区别","⚖️ 与 Express 中间件的区别",[1530,2488,2489,2490,2493,2494,2497,2498,2501],{},"Express 的中间件是",[1663,2491,2492],{},"线性","的：一个接一个往下执行，",[1552,2495,2496],{},"next()"," 之后的代码会立刻执行，不会等其他中间件完成。想在 Express 里统计响应时间，得监听响应的 ",[1552,2499,2500],{},"finish"," 事件，写法绕了一圈。",[1530,2503,2504,2505,2507,2508,2468],{},"Koa 基于 async/await，天然支持“环绕式”的执行模型，一个 ",[1552,2506,1675],{}," 就能实现前置处理和后置处理。可以理解为：",[1663,2509,2510],{},"Express 是一根直线，Koa 是一个来回的折返跑",[1530,2512,2513],{},"另外两点写法差异：",[1644,2515,2516,2528],{},[1647,2517,2518,2519,2521,2522,2524,2525,2527],{},"Koa 中间件必须写成 ",[1552,2520,1577],{}," 函数，",[1552,2523,2496],{}," 前要加 ",[1552,2526,1660],{},"，否则执行顺序会乱。",[1647,2529,2530,2531,2534],{},"Koa 中间件里的异步错误能被 ",[1552,2532,2533],{},"try/catch"," 正常捕获，这为统一错误处理打下基础（后面会讲）。",[2536,2537,2538],"warning",{},[1530,2539,2540,2541,2543,2544,2546,2547,2549,2550,2552],{},"新手高频踩坑点：忘了写 ",[1552,2542,1675],{}," 前面的 ",[1552,2545,1660],{},"。少了它，后续中间件不会按预期完成，返回时的代码会在错误的时机执行。看到中间件里写了 ",[1552,2548,2496],{}," 却没用 ",[1552,2551,1660],{},"，基本可以确定是 bug。",[1534,2554],{},[1525,2556,2558],{"id":2557},"小节总结","🧾 小节总结",[1644,2560,2561,2571,2574,2579,2582],{},[1647,2562,2563,2564,2567,2568,2570],{},"Koa 中间件是接收 ",[1552,2565,2566],{},"(ctx, next)"," 的 async 函数，",[1552,2569,1675],{}," 放行到下一个中间件。",[1647,2572,2573],{},"多个中间件按洋葱模型执行：请求一层层进入，响应原路返回，先进后出。",[1647,2575,2576,2578],{},[1552,2577,1675],{}," 之前的代码在进入时执行，之后的代码在返回时执行。",[1647,2580,2581],{},"利用洋葱模型可以优雅地实现日志、耗时统计这类“包裹整个请求”的功能。",[1647,2583,2584,2586,2587,2589],{},[1552,2585,2496],{}," 前必须加 ",[1552,2588,1660],{},"，漏掉会导致执行顺序错乱。",[1534,2591],{},[1525,2593,2595],{"id":2594},"知识问答","❓ 知识问答",[1530,2597,2598],{},[1663,2599,2600],{},"Q1：中间件里不写 next() 会怎样？",[1530,2602,2603,2604,2606],{},"请求就停在这个中间件里，后面的中间件不会执行。最后一个中间件通常不写 ",[1552,2605,2496],{},"，因为它是处理的终点。",[1530,2608,2609],{},[1663,2610,2611],{},"Q2：next() 后面的代码里能修改 ctx.body 吗？",[1530,2613,2614,2615,2617,2618,2621],{},"可以。",[1552,2616,1675],{}," 返回时，业务中间件已经设置好 ",[1552,2619,2620],{},"ctx.body","，你在这里可以读取甚至覆盖它。比如统一包装响应格式的中间件就是这么做的。",[1530,2623,2624],{},[1663,2625,2626],{},"Q3：中间件的执行顺序由什么决定？",[1530,2628,2629,2630,2633],{},"由 ",[1552,2631,2632],{},"app.use()"," 的注册顺序决定，先注册的先进入、后返回。所以日志、错误处理这类中间件一般都注册在靠前的位置。",[1530,2635,2636],{},[1663,2637,2638],{},"Q4：一个中间件里能调用多次 next() 吗？",[1530,2640,2641,2642,2644],{},"不能。一个中间件里 ",[1552,2643,2496],{}," 只能调用一次，多次调用会抛出错误。",[1534,2646],{},[1525,2648,2650],{"id":2649},"小练习","🧪 小练习",[2652,2653,2654],"ol",{},[1647,2655,2656,2657,2660,2661,2664,2665,2660,2668,2468],{},"写一个日志中间件，在每次请求",[1663,2658,2659],{},"进入时","打印 ",[1552,2662,2663],{},"[请求] GET /users","，在",[1663,2666,2667],{},"返回时",[1552,2669,2670],{},"[响应] 200",[1544,2672,2674],{"className":1546,"code":2673,"filename":1548,"language":1549,"meta":1550,"style":1550},"import Koa from 'koa';\n\nconst app = new Koa();\n\napp.use(async (ctx, next) => {\n    // 请在这里编写代码\n});\n\napp.use(async (ctx) => {\n    ctx.body = '用户列表';\n});\n\napp.listen(3000);\n",[1552,2675,2676,2692,2696,2712,2716,2742,2747,2755,2759,2781,2800,2808,2812],{"__ignoreMap":1550},[1555,2677,2678,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690],{"class":1557,"line":1558},[1555,2679,1699],{"class":1612},[1555,2681,1702],{"class":1561},[1555,2683,1705],{"class":1612},[1555,2685,1708],{"class":1565},[1555,2687,1712],{"class":1711},[1555,2689,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2691,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2693,2694],{"class":1557,"line":1602},[1555,2695,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2697,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2710],{"class":1557,"line":1609},[1555,2699,1728],{"class":1576},[1555,2701,1731],{"class":1561},[1555,2703,1734],{"class":1565},[1555,2705,1737],{"class":1565},[1555,2707,1740],{"class":1569},[1555,2709,1619],{"class":1561},[1555,2711,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2713,2714],{"class":1557,"line":1628},[1555,2715,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2717,2718,2720,2722,2724,2726,2728,2730,2732,2734,2736,2738,2740],{"class":1557,"line":1634},[1555,2719,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2721,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2723,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,2725,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2727,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,2729,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,2731,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,2733,1587],{"class":1565},[1555,2735,1590],{"class":1583},[1555,2737,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,2739,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,2741,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,2743,2744],{"class":1557,"line":1777},[1555,2745,2746],{"class":1605},"    // 请在这里编写代码\n",[1555,2748,2749,2751,2753],{"class":1557,"line":1801},[1555,2750,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2752,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2754,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2756,2757],{"class":1557,"line":1812},[1555,2758,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2760,2761,2763,2765,2767,2769,2771,2773,2775,2777,2779],{"class":1557,"line":1834},[1555,2762,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2764,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2766,1570],{"class":1569},[1555,2768,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2770,1577],{"class":1576},[1555,2772,1580],{"class":1565},[1555,2774,1584],{"class":1583},[1555,2776,1593],{"class":1565},[1555,2778,1596],{"class":1576},[1555,2780,1599],{"class":1565},[1555,2782,2783,2785,2787,2789,2791,2793,2796,2798],{"class":1557,"line":1843},[1555,2784,1992],{"class":1561},[1555,2786,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2788,1997],{"class":1561},[1555,2790,2000],{"class":1565},[1555,2792,1708],{"class":1565},[1555,2794,2795],{"class":1711},"用户列表",[1555,2797,1715],{"class":1565},[1555,2799,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2801,2802,2804,2806],{"class":1557,"line":1848},[1555,2803,1637],{"class":1565},[1555,2805,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2807,1642],{"class":1565},[1555,2809,2810],{"class":1557,"line":1875},[1555,2811,1723],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1722},[1555,2813,2814,2816,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826],{"class":1557,"line":1897},[1555,2815,1562],{"class":1561},[1555,2817,1566],{"class":1565},[1555,2819,2033],{"class":1569},[1555,2821,1573],{"class":1561},[1555,2823,2039],{"class":2038},[1555,2825,1593],{"class":1561},[1555,2827,1642],{"class":1565},[2652,2829,2830],{"start":1602},[1647,2831,2832,2833,2835,2836,2838,2839,2468],{},"在中间件里故意去掉 ",[1552,2834,1675],{}," 的 ",[1552,2837,1660],{},"，观察终端输出顺序有什么变化，理解为什么必须加 ",[1552,2840,1660],{},[1534,2842],{},[1530,2844,2845],{},"🎉 恭喜你已经拿下 Koa 的洋葱模型！下一篇我们给 Koa 装上路由，让不同的地址返回不同的内容。",[2847,2848,2849],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sndM8, html code.shiki .sndM8{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .s86vT, html code.shiki .s86vT{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .swgpB, html code.shiki .swgpB{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#82AAFF;--shiki-dark:#82AAFF}html pre.shiki code .s50WR, html code.shiki .s50WR{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sK9QF, html code.shiki .sK9QF{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .syuKq, html code.shiki .syuKq{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s8pZq, html code.shiki .s8pZq{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sd2Uz, html code.shiki .sd2Uz{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#F07178;--shiki-dark:#F07178}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sIEYB, html code.shiki .sIEYB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html pre.shiki code .smPcV, html code.shiki .smPcV{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#F78C6C;--shiki-dark:#F78C6C}html pre.shiki code .sYGMc, html code.shiki .sYGMc{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}",{"title":1550,"searchDepth":1602,"depth":1602,"links":2851},[2852,2853,2854,2855,2856,2857,2858,2859],{"id":1527,"depth":1602,"text":1528},{"id":1538,"depth":1602,"text":1539},{"id":1685,"depth":1602,"text":1686},{"id":2127,"depth":1602,"text":2128},{"id":2485,"depth":1602,"text":2486},{"id":2557,"depth":1602,"text":2558},{"id":2594,"depth":1602,"text":2595},{"id":2649,"depth":1602,"text":2650},"深入理解 Koa 中间件的执行机制，掌握洋葱模型的执行顺序，学会编写实用的中间件。","md",null,{},{"title":1198},{"title":1198,"description":2860},"CIm8X8nz6x",[2868,2870],{"title":1194,"path":1195,"stem":1196,"description":2869,"children":-1},"理解 Koa 的 ctx 上下文对象，掌握常用属性和别名，学会获取请求信息与设置响应。",{"title":1162,"path":1202,"stem":1203,"description":2871,"children":-1},"学会使用 @koa/router 定义路由、获取路由参数与查询参数，掌握路由模块化拆分的方法。",1784715110391]