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(",[1568,1782,1784],{"class":1783},"sK9QF","ctx",[1568,1786,1787],{"class":1613},")",[1568,1789,1790],{"class":1673}," =>",[1568,1792,1793],{"class":1613}," {\n",[1568,1795,1797,1800,1803,1806,1809,1811,1814,1816,1819,1822],{"class":1570,"line":1796},12,[1568,1798,1799],{"class":1673},"    const",[1568,1801,1802],{"class":1606}," data",[1568,1804,1805],{"class":1613}," =",[1568,1807,1808],{"class":1606}," ctx",[1568,1810,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1812,1813],{"class":1606},"request",[1568,1815,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1817,1818],{"class":1606},"body",[1568,1820,1821],{"class":1613},";",[1568,1823,1824],{"class":1722}," // 前端发来的 JSON 数据\n",[1568,1826,1828,1831,1833,1835,1837,1840,1844,1847,1849,1852,1854,1856,1858],{"class":1570,"line":1827},13,[1568,1829,1830],{"class":1606},"    ctx",[1568,1832,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1834,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,1836,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,1838,1839],{"class":1613}," {",[1568,1841,1843],{"class":1842},"sd2Uz"," message",[1568,1845,1846],{"class":1613},":",[1568,1848,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,1850,1851],{"class":1578},"创建成功",[1568,1853,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,1855,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,1857,1802],{"class":1606},[1568,1859,1860],{"class":1613}," };\n",[1568,1862,1864,1867,1869],{"class":1570,"line":1863},14,[1568,1865,1866],{"class":1613},"}",[1568,1868,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,1870,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,1872,1874],{"class":1570,"line":1873},15,[1568,1875,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885,1888,1890,1893,1895],{"class":1570,"line":1878},16,[1568,1880,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,1882,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1884,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,1886,1887],{"class":1606},"(router",[1568,1889,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1891,1892],{"class":1686},"routes",[1568,1894,1744],{"class":1606},[1568,1896,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,1898,1900,1902,1904,1906,1908,1910,1913,1915],{"class":1570,"line":1899},17,[1568,1901,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,1903,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1905,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,1907,1887],{"class":1606},[1568,1909,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1911,1912],{"class":1686},"allowedMethods",[1568,1914,1744],{"class":1606},[1568,1916,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,1918,1920],{"class":1570,"line":1919},18,[1568,1921,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,1923,1925,1927,1929,1932,1934,1938,1940],{"class":1570,"line":1924},19,[1568,1926,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,1928,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,1930,1931],{"class":1686},"listen",[1568,1933,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,1935,1937],{"class":1936},"smPcV","3000",[1568,1939,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,1941,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,1943,1944],{},"前端用 fetch 发一个 POST 请求试试：",[1559,1946,1948],{"className":1592,"code":1947,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"fetch('http://localhost:3000/users', {\n    method: 'POST',\n    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },\n    body: JSON.stringify({ name: '小明', age: 18 }),\n});\n",[1550,1949,1950,1968,1985,2013,2062],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,1951,1952,1955,1957,1959,1962,1964,1966],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,1953,1954],{"class":1686},"fetch",[1568,1956,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,1958,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,1960,1961],{"class":1578},"http://localhost:3000/users",[1568,1963,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,1965,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,1967,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,1969,1970,1973,1975,1977,1980,1982],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,1971,1972],{"class":1842},"    method",[1568,1974,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,1976,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,1978,1979],{"class":1578},"POST",[1568,1981,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,1983,1984],{"class":1613},",\n",[1568,1986,1987,1990,1992,1994,1996,1999,2001,2003,2005,2008,2010],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,1988,1989],{"class":1842},"    headers",[1568,1991,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,1993,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,1995,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,1997,1998],{"class":1842},"Content-Type",[1568,2000,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2002,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2004,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2006,2007],{"class":1578},"application/json",[1568,2009,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2011,2012],{"class":1613}," },\n",[1568,2014,2015,2018,2020,2023,2025,2028,2030,2033,2036,2038,2040,2043,2045,2047,2050,2052,2055,2058,2060],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2016,2017],{"class":1842},"    body",[1568,2019,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2021,2022],{"class":1606}," JSON",[1568,2024,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2026,2027],{"class":1686},"stringify",[1568,2029,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2031,2032],{"class":1613},"{",[1568,2034,2035],{"class":1842}," name",[1568,2037,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2039,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2041,2042],{"class":1578},"小明",[1568,2044,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2046,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2048,2049],{"class":1842}," age",[1568,2051,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2053,2054],{"class":1936}," 18",[1568,2056,2057],{"class":1613}," }",[1568,2059,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2061,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2063,2064,2066,2068],{"class":1570,"line":1670},[1568,2065,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,2067,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2069,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,2071,2072,2073,2075,2076,2079,2080,2083],{},"服务端就能在 ",[1550,2074,1588],{}," 里拿到 ",[1550,2077,2078],{},"{ name: '小明', age: 18 }"," 这个对象。除了 JSON，koa-bodyparser 默认也能解析表单格式（",[1550,2081,2082],{},"x-www-form-urlencoded","），不需要额外配置。",[2085,2086,2087],"warning",{},[1531,2088,2089,2090,2093,2094,2097,2098,2100],{},"高频踩坑点：",[1550,2091,2092],{},"bodyParser()"," 必须注册在路由",[1545,2095,2096],{},"之前","。中间件按注册顺序执行，如果路由先执行，里面读 ",[1550,2099,1588],{}," 只会拿到 undefined。",[1535,2102],{},[1526,2104,2106],{"id":2105},"统一错误处理洋葱模型的妙用","🧅 统一错误处理：洋葱模型的妙用",[1531,2108,2109],{},"接口代码随时可能抛错：参数不对、查询失败、代码 bug。如果每个路由都自己写 try/catch，既繁琐又容易漏。",[1531,2111,2112,2113,2116,2117,2120],{},"回忆洋葱模型：最外层的中间件包裹着所有后续处理。在它里面写 ",[1550,2114,2115],{},"try/catch","，就能",[1545,2118,2119],{},"捕获所有中间件抛出的错误","：",[1559,2122,2124],{"className":1592,"code":2123,"filename":1594,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"// 统一错误处理中间件，注册在靠前的位置\napp.use(async (ctx, next) => {\n    try {\n        await next(); // 后面的任何中间件抛错，都会在这里被捕获\n    } catch (err) {\n        ctx.status = err.status || 500;\n        ctx.body = {\n            code: ctx.status,\n            message: err.message || '服务器开小差了',\n        };\n        console.error('接口错误：', err);\n    }\n});\n",[1550,2125,2126,2131,2159,2166,2180,2199,2226,2238,2253,2278,2283,2310,2315],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2127,2128],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2129,2130],{"class":1722},"// 统一错误处理中间件，注册在靠前的位置\n",[1568,2132,2133,2135,2137,2139,2141,2144,2146,2148,2150,2153,2155,2157],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2134,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,2136,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2138,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,2140,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2142,2143],{"class":1673},"async",[1568,2145,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,2147,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,2149,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2151,2152],{"class":1783}," next",[1568,2154,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,2156,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,2158,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2160,2161,2164],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,2162,2163],{"class":1602},"    try",[1568,2165,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2167,2168,2171,2173,2175,2177],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2169,2170],{"class":1602},"        await",[1568,2172,2152],{"class":1686},[1568,2174,1690],{"class":1842},[1568,2176,1821],{"class":1613},[1568,2178,2179],{"class":1722}," // 后面的任何中间件抛错，都会在这里被捕获\n",[1568,2181,2182,2185,2188,2190,2193,2196],{"class":1570,"line":1670},[1568,2183,2184],{"class":1613},"    }",[1568,2186,2187],{"class":1602}," catch",[1568,2189,1780],{"class":1842},[1568,2191,2192],{"class":1606},"err",[1568,2194,2195],{"class":1842},") ",[1568,2197,2198],{"class":1613},"{\n",[1568,2200,2201,2204,2206,2209,2211,2214,2216,2218,2221,2224],{"class":1570,"line":1695},[1568,2202,2203],{"class":1606},"        ctx",[1568,2205,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2207,2208],{"class":1606},"status",[1568,2210,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2212,2213],{"class":1606}," err",[1568,2215,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2217,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2219,2220],{"class":1613}," ||",[1568,2222,2223],{"class":1936}," 500",[1568,2225,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2227,2228,2230,2232,2234,2236],{"class":1570,"line":1714},[1568,2229,2203],{"class":1606},[1568,2231,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2233,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,2235,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2237,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2239,2240,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2241,2242],{"class":1842},"            code",[1568,2244,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2246,1808],{"class":1606},[1568,2248,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2250,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2252,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2254,2255,2258,2260,2262,2264,2267,2269,2271,2274,2276],{"class":1570,"line":1726},[1568,2256,2257],{"class":1842},"            message",[1568,2259,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2261,2213],{"class":1606},[1568,2263,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2265,2266],{"class":1606},"message",[1568,2268,2220],{"class":1613},[1568,2270,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2272,2273],{"class":1578},"服务器开小差了",[1568,2275,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2277,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2279,2280],{"class":1570,"line":1749},[1568,2281,2282],{"class":1613},"        };\n",[1568,2284,2285,2288,2290,2293,2295,2297,2300,2302,2304,2306,2308],{"class":1570,"line":1754},[1568,2286,2287],{"class":1606},"        console",[1568,2289,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2291,2292],{"class":1686},"error",[1568,2294,1738],{"class":1842},[1568,2296,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2298,2299],{"class":1578},"接口错误：",[1568,2301,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2303,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2305,2213],{"class":1606},[1568,2307,1787],{"class":1842},[1568,2309,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2311,2312],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2313,2314],{"class":1613},"    }\n",[1568,2316,2317,2319,2321],{"class":1570,"line":1827},[1568,2318,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,2320,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2322,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,2324,2325,2326,2329,2330,2332],{},"这就是 Koa 相比 Express 在错误处理上的明显优势：Express 需要单独的错误处理中间件（四个参数的那种），而 Koa 靠 ",[1550,2327,2328],{},"await next()"," 加 ",[1550,2331,2115],{}," 就自然实现了，还能捕获异步错误。",[1535,2334],{},[1526,2336,2338],{"id":2337},"ctxthrow主动抛出错误","🛠 ctx.throw：主动抛出错误",[1531,2340,2341,2342,2345],{},"业务里经常要主动拒绝请求，比如参数缺失。",[1550,2343,2344],{},"ctx.throw(状态码, 提示信息)"," 会抛出一个带状态码的错误，交给上面的统一中间件处理：",[1559,2347,2349],{"className":1592,"code":2348,"filename":1594,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"router.post('/users', async (ctx) => {\n    const { name, age } = ctx.request.body;\n\n    // 参数校验，不满足就抛出 400 错误\n    if (!name) {\n        ctx.throw(400, 'name 不能为空');\n    }\n\n    ctx.body = { message: '创建成功', data: { name, age } };\n});\n",[1550,2350,2351,2381,2409,2413,2418,2435,2462,2466,2470,2510],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2352,2353,2355,2357,2359,2361,2363,2365,2367,2369,2371,2373,2375,2377,2379],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2354,1757],{"class":1606},[1568,2356,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2358,1762],{"class":1686},[1568,2360,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2362,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2364,1769],{"class":1578},[1568,2366,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2368,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2370,1777],{"class":1673},[1568,2372,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,2374,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,2376,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,2378,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,2380,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2382,2383,2385,2387,2389,2391,2393,2395,2397,2399,2401,2403,2405,2407],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2384,1799],{"class":1673},[1568,2386,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,2388,2035],{"class":1606},[1568,2390,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2392,2049],{"class":1606},[1568,2394,2057],{"class":1613},[1568,2396,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2398,1808],{"class":1606},[1568,2400,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2402,1813],{"class":1606},[1568,2404,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2406,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,2408,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2410,2411],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,2412,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2414,2415],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2416,2417],{"class":1722},"    // 参数校验，不满足就抛出 400 错误\n",[1568,2419,2420,2423,2425,2428,2431,2433],{"class":1570,"line":1670},[1568,2421,2422],{"class":1602},"    if",[1568,2424,1780],{"class":1842},[1568,2426,2427],{"class":1613},"!",[1568,2429,2430],{"class":1606},"name",[1568,2432,2195],{"class":1842},[1568,2434,2198],{"class":1613},[1568,2436,2437,2439,2441,2444,2446,2449,2451,2453,2456,2458,2460],{"class":1570,"line":1695},[1568,2438,2203],{"class":1606},[1568,2440,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2442,2443],{"class":1686},"throw",[1568,2445,1738],{"class":1842},[1568,2447,2448],{"class":1936},"400",[1568,2450,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2452,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2454,2455],{"class":1578},"name 不能为空",[1568,2457,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2459,1787],{"class":1842},[1568,2461,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2463,2464],{"class":1570,"line":1714},[1568,2465,2314],{"class":1613},[1568,2467,2468],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2469,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2471,2472,2474,2476,2478,2480,2482,2484,2486,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502,2504,2506,2508],{"class":1570,"line":1726},[1568,2473,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,2475,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2477,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,2479,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2481,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,2483,1843],{"class":1842},[1568,2485,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2487,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2489,1851],{"class":1578},[1568,2491,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2493,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2495,1802],{"class":1842},[1568,2497,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2499,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,2501,2035],{"class":1606},[1568,2503,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2505,2049],{"class":1606},[1568,2507,2057],{"class":1613},[1568,2509,1860],{"class":1613},[1568,2511,2512,2514,2516],{"class":1570,"line":1749},[1568,2513,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,2515,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2517,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,2519,2520,2521,2523],{},"当前端发来的数据缺少 ",[1550,2522,2430],{}," 时，接口会返回：",[1559,2525,2529],{"className":2526,"code":2527,"language":2528,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"language-json shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","{\n    \"code\": 400,\n    \"message\": \"name 不能为空\"\n}\n","json",[1550,2530,2531,2535,2552,2570],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2532,2533],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2534,2198],{"class":1613},[1568,2536,2537,2540,2542,2545,2547,2550],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2538,2539],{"class":1613},"    \"",[1568,2541,1550],{"class":1673},[1568,2543,2544],{"class":1613},"\"",[1568,2546,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2548,2549],{"class":1936}," 400",[1568,2551,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2553,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562,2565,2567],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,2555,2539],{"class":1613},[1568,2557,2266],{"class":1673},[1568,2559,2544],{"class":1613},[1568,2561,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2563,2564],{"class":1613}," \"",[1568,2566,2455],{"class":1578},[1568,2568,2569],{"class":1613},"\"\n",[1568,2571,2572],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2573,2574],{"class":1613},"}\n",[1531,2576,2577,2580,2581,2583,2584,2587],{},[1550,2578,2579],{},"ctx.throw"," 抛出的错误自带 ",[1550,2582,2208],{}," 属性，统一中间件里的 ",[1550,2585,2586],{},"err.status || 500"," 就是靠它拿到正确状态码的。",[1535,2589],{},[1526,2591,2593],{"id":2592},"_404-处理","💡 404 处理",[1531,2595,2596,2597,2600,2601,2604],{},"Koa 对未匹配路由的请求默认返回 404 和纯文本 ",[1550,2598,2599],{},"Not Found","。前后端分离项目里，我们希望连 404 也返回统一格式的 JSON。在",[1545,2602,2603],{},"所有路由之后","加一个兜底中间件：",[1559,2606,2608],{"className":1592,"code":2607,"filename":1594,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"// 所有路由都没匹配上才会走到这里\napp.use(async (ctx) => {\n    ctx.status = 404;\n    ctx.body = {\n        code: 404,\n        message: '接口不存在',\n    };\n});\n",[1550,2609,2610,2615,2637,2652,2664,2675,2691,2696],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2611,2612],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2613,2614],{"class":1722},"// 所有路由都没匹配上才会走到这里\n",[1568,2616,2617,2619,2621,2623,2625,2627,2629,2631,2633,2635],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2618,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,2620,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2622,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,2624,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2626,2143],{"class":1673},[1568,2628,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,2630,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,2632,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,2634,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,2636,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2638,2639,2641,2643,2645,2647,2650],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,2640,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,2642,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2644,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2646,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2648,2649],{"class":1936}," 404",[1568,2651,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2653,2654,2656,2658,2660,2662],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2655,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,2657,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2659,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,2661,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2663,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2665,2666,2669,2671,2673],{"class":1570,"line":1670},[1568,2667,2668],{"class":1842},"        code",[1568,2670,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2672,2649],{"class":1936},[1568,2674,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2676,2677,2680,2682,2684,2687,2689],{"class":1570,"line":1695},[1568,2678,2679],{"class":1842},"        message",[1568,2681,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2683,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2685,2686],{"class":1578},"接口不存在",[1568,2688,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2690,1984],{"class":1613},[1568,2692,2693],{"class":1570,"line":1714},[1568,2694,2695],{"class":1613},"    };\n",[1568,2697,2698,2700,2702],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2699,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,2701,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2703,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,2705,2706],{},"它的原理是洋葱模型的进入顺序：请求依次穿过前面的中间件，没有任何路由处理它，最后到达这个兜底中间件。注册顺序要注意，放在路由前面会把所有请求都当成 404。",[1535,2708],{},[1526,2710,2712],{"id":2711},"完整示例组装起来","🧰 完整示例：组装起来",[1531,2714,2715],{},"把这几块拼在一起，一个规范的接口骨架就成型了：",[1559,2717,2719],{"className":1592,"code":2718,"filename":1594,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"import Koa from 'koa';\nimport Router from '@koa/router';\nimport bodyParser from 'koa-bodyparser';\n\nconst app = new Koa();\nconst router = new Router();\n\n// 1. 统一错误处理（最外层）\napp.use(async (ctx, next) => {\n    try {\n        await next();\n    } catch (err) {\n        ctx.status = err.status || 500;\n        ctx.body = { code: ctx.status, message: err.message || '服务器开小差了' };\n    }\n});\n\n// 2. 请求体解析（在路由之前）\napp.use(bodyParser());\n\n// 3. 业务路由\nrouter.post('/users', async (ctx) => {\n    const { name } = ctx.request.body;\n    if (!name) {\n        ctx.throw(400, 'name 不能为空');\n    }\n    ctx.body = { code: 200, message: '创建成功', data: { name } };\n});\n\napp.use(router.routes());\napp.use(router.allowedMethods());\n\n// 4. 404 兜底（最后）\napp.use(async (ctx) => {\n    ctx.status = 404;\n    ctx.body = { code: 404, message: '接口不存在' };\n});\n\napp.listen(3000);\n",[1550,2720,2721,2737,2753,2769,2773,2789,2805,2809,2814,2840,2846,2856,2870,2892,2937,2941,2949,2953,2958,2974,2979,2985,3016,3041,3056,3081,3086,3132,3141,3146,3165,3184,3189,3195,3218,3233,3266,3275,3280],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2722,2723,2725,2727,2729,2731,2733,2735],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2724,1603],{"class":1602},[1568,2726,1607],{"class":1606},[1568,2728,1610],{"class":1602},[1568,2730,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2732,1617],{"class":1578},[1568,2734,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2736,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2738,2739,2741,2743,2745,2747,2749,2751],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2740,1603],{"class":1602},[1568,2742,1631],{"class":1606},[1568,2744,1610],{"class":1602},[1568,2746,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2748,1638],{"class":1578},[1568,2750,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2752,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2754,2755,2757,2759,2761,2763,2765,2767],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,2756,1603],{"class":1602},[1568,2758,1650],{"class":1606},[1568,2760,1610],{"class":1602},[1568,2762,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2764,1552],{"class":1578},[1568,2766,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2768,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2770,2771],{"class":1570,"line":1663},[1568,2772,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2774,2775,2777,2779,2781,2783,2785,2787],{"class":1570,"line":1670},[1568,2776,1674],{"class":1673},[1568,2778,1677],{"class":1606},[1568,2780,1680],{"class":1613},[1568,2782,1683],{"class":1613},[1568,2784,1687],{"class":1686},[1568,2786,1690],{"class":1606},[1568,2788,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2790,2791,2793,2795,2797,2799,2801,2803],{"class":1570,"line":1695},[1568,2792,1674],{"class":1673},[1568,2794,1700],{"class":1606},[1568,2796,1680],{"class":1613},[1568,2798,1683],{"class":1613},[1568,2800,1707],{"class":1686},[1568,2802,1690],{"class":1606},[1568,2804,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2806,2807],{"class":1570,"line":1714},[1568,2808,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2810,2811],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2812,2813],{"class":1722},"// 1. 统一错误处理（最外层）\n",[1568,2815,2816,2818,2820,2822,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838],{"class":1570,"line":1726},[1568,2817,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,2819,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2821,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,2823,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2825,2143],{"class":1673},[1568,2827,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,2829,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,2831,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2833,2152],{"class":1783},[1568,2835,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,2837,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,2839,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2841,2842,2844],{"class":1570,"line":1749},[1568,2843,2163],{"class":1602},[1568,2845,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,2847,2848,2850,2852,2854],{"class":1570,"line":1754},[1568,2849,2170],{"class":1602},[1568,2851,2152],{"class":1686},[1568,2853,1690],{"class":1842},[1568,2855,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2857,2858,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2859,2184],{"class":1613},[1568,2861,2187],{"class":1602},[1568,2863,1780],{"class":1842},[1568,2865,2192],{"class":1606},[1568,2867,2195],{"class":1842},[1568,2869,2198],{"class":1613},[1568,2871,2872,2874,2876,2878,2880,2882,2884,2886,2888,2890],{"class":1570,"line":1827},[1568,2873,2203],{"class":1606},[1568,2875,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2877,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2879,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2881,2213],{"class":1606},[1568,2883,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2885,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2887,2220],{"class":1613},[1568,2889,2223],{"class":1936},[1568,2891,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2893,2894,2896,2898,2900,2902,2904,2907,2909,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935],{"class":1570,"line":1863},[1568,2895,2203],{"class":1606},[1568,2897,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2899,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,2901,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,2903,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,2905,2906],{"class":1842}," code",[1568,2908,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2910,1808],{"class":1606},[1568,2912,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2914,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,2916,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,2918,1843],{"class":1842},[1568,2920,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,2922,2213],{"class":1606},[1568,2924,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2926,2266],{"class":1606},[1568,2928,2220],{"class":1613},[1568,2930,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,2932,2273],{"class":1578},[1568,2934,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2936,1860],{"class":1613},[1568,2938,2939],{"class":1570,"line":1873},[1568,2940,2314],{"class":1613},[1568,2942,2943,2945,2947],{"class":1570,"line":1878},[1568,2944,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,2946,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,2948,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2950,2951],{"class":1570,"line":1899},[1568,2952,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2954,2955],{"class":1570,"line":1919},[1568,2956,2957],{"class":1722},"// 2. 请求体解析（在路由之前）\n",[1568,2959,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970,2972],{"class":1570,"line":1924},[1568,2961,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,2963,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2965,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,2967,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2969,1741],{"class":1686},[1568,2971,1744],{"class":1606},[1568,2973,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,2975,2977],{"class":1570,"line":2976},20,[1568,2978,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,2980,2982],{"class":1570,"line":2981},21,[1568,2983,2984],{"class":1722},"// 3. 业务路由\n",[1568,2986,2988,2990,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006,3008,3010,3012,3014],{"class":1570,"line":2987},22,[1568,2989,1757],{"class":1606},[1568,2991,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,2993,1762],{"class":1686},[1568,2995,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,2997,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,2999,1769],{"class":1578},[1568,3001,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3003,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3005,1777],{"class":1673},[1568,3007,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,3009,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,3011,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,3013,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,3015,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,3017,3019,3021,3023,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039],{"class":1570,"line":3018},23,[1568,3020,1799],{"class":1673},[1568,3022,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,3024,2035],{"class":1606},[1568,3026,2057],{"class":1613},[1568,3028,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,3030,1808],{"class":1606},[1568,3032,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3034,1813],{"class":1606},[1568,3036,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3038,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,3040,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3042,3044,3046,3048,3050,3052,3054],{"class":1570,"line":3043},24,[1568,3045,2422],{"class":1602},[1568,3047,1780],{"class":1842},[1568,3049,2427],{"class":1613},[1568,3051,2430],{"class":1606},[1568,3053,2195],{"class":1842},[1568,3055,2198],{"class":1613},[1568,3057,3059,3061,3063,3065,3067,3069,3071,3073,3075,3077,3079],{"class":1570,"line":3058},25,[1568,3060,2203],{"class":1606},[1568,3062,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3064,2443],{"class":1686},[1568,3066,1738],{"class":1842},[1568,3068,2448],{"class":1936},[1568,3070,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3072,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,3074,2455],{"class":1578},[1568,3076,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3078,1787],{"class":1842},[1568,3080,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3082,3084],{"class":1570,"line":3083},26,[1568,3085,2314],{"class":1613},[1568,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103,3106,3108,3110,3112,3114,3116,3118,3120,3122,3124,3126,3128,3130],{"class":1570,"line":3088},27,[1568,3090,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,3092,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3094,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,3096,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,3098,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,3100,2906],{"class":1842},[1568,3102,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,3104,3105],{"class":1936}," 200",[1568,3107,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3109,1843],{"class":1842},[1568,3111,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,3113,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,3115,1851],{"class":1578},[1568,3117,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3119,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3121,1802],{"class":1842},[1568,3123,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,3125,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,3127,2035],{"class":1606},[1568,3129,2057],{"class":1613},[1568,3131,1860],{"class":1613},[1568,3133,3135,3137,3139],{"class":1570,"line":3134},28,[1568,3136,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,3138,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,3140,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3142,3144],{"class":1570,"line":3143},29,[1568,3145,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,3147,3149,3151,3153,3155,3157,3159,3161,3163],{"class":1570,"line":3148},30,[1568,3150,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,3152,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3154,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,3156,1887],{"class":1606},[1568,3158,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3160,1892],{"class":1686},[1568,3162,1744],{"class":1606},[1568,3164,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3166,3168,3170,3172,3174,3176,3178,3180,3182],{"class":1570,"line":3167},31,[1568,3169,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,3171,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3173,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,3175,1887],{"class":1606},[1568,3177,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3179,1912],{"class":1686},[1568,3181,1744],{"class":1606},[1568,3183,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3185,3187],{"class":1570,"line":3186},32,[1568,3188,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,3190,3192],{"class":1570,"line":3191},33,[1568,3193,3194],{"class":1722},"// 4. 404 兜底（最后）\n",[1568,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204,3206,3208,3210,3212,3214,3216],{"class":1570,"line":3197},34,[1568,3199,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,3201,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3203,1735],{"class":1686},[1568,3205,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,3207,2143],{"class":1673},[1568,3209,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,3211,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,3213,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,3215,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,3217,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,3219,3221,3223,3225,3227,3229,3231],{"class":1570,"line":3220},35,[1568,3222,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,3224,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3226,2208],{"class":1606},[1568,3228,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,3230,2649],{"class":1936},[1568,3232,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3234,3236,3238,3240,3242,3244,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260,3262,3264],{"class":1570,"line":3235},36,[1568,3237,1830],{"class":1606},[1568,3239,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3241,1818],{"class":1606},[1568,3243,1805],{"class":1613},[1568,3245,1839],{"class":1613},[1568,3247,2906],{"class":1842},[1568,3249,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,3251,2649],{"class":1936},[1568,3253,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3255,1843],{"class":1842},[1568,3257,1846],{"class":1613},[1568,3259,1614],{"class":1613},[1568,3261,2686],{"class":1578},[1568,3263,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3265,1860],{"class":1613},[1568,3267,3269,3271,3273],{"class":1570,"line":3268},37,[1568,3270,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,3272,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,3274,1623],{"class":1613},[1568,3276,3278],{"class":1570,"line":3277},38,[1568,3279,1667],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1666},[1568,3281,3283,3285,3287,3289,3291,3293,3295],{"class":1570,"line":3282},39,[1568,3284,1729],{"class":1606},[1568,3286,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3288,1931],{"class":1686},[1568,3290,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,3292,1937],{"class":1936},[1568,3294,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,3296,1623],{"class":1613},[1531,3298,3299,3300,3303],{},"记住这个注册顺序：",[1545,3301,3302],{},"错误处理 → body 解析 → 路由 → 404 兜底","。每一层的位置都和洋葱模型息息相关。",[1535,3305],{},[1526,3307,3309],{"id":3308},"小节总结","🧾 小节总结",[3311,3312,3313,3323,3330,3336,3339],"ul",{},[3314,3315,3316,3317,3319,3320,3322],"li",{},"用 ",[1550,3318,1552],{}," 解析请求体，数据通过 ",[1550,3321,1588],{}," 读取，必须注册在路由之前。",[3314,3324,3325,3326,3329],{},"在靠外层中间件里 ",[1550,3327,3328],{},"try { await next() } catch","，就能统一捕获所有后续中间件的错误。",[3314,3331,3332,3335],{},[1550,3333,3334],{},"ctx.throw(400, '提示')"," 主动抛出带状态码的错误，交给统一中间件处理。",[3314,3337,3338],{},"未匹配路由 Koa 默认返回 404，可以在路由之后注册兜底中间件，返回统一格式的 JSON。",[3314,3340,3341],{},"中间件注册顺序：错误处理 → body 解析 → 路由 → 404 兜底。",[1535,3343],{},[1526,3345,3347],{"id":3346},"知识问答","❓ 知识问答",[1531,3349,3350],{},[1545,3351,3352],{},"Q1：ctx.request.body 和 ctx.body 有什么区别？",[1531,3354,3355,3356,3358,3359,3362],{},"一个是“进”，一个是“出”：",[1550,3357,1588],{}," 是客户端发来的请求数据，",[1550,3360,3361],{},"ctx.body"," 是我们返回给客户端的响应内容，方向完全相反。",[1531,3364,3365],{},[1545,3366,3367],{},"Q2：ctx.throw 之后代码还会继续执行吗？",[1531,3369,3370,3371,3373],{},"不会。",[1550,3372,2579],{}," 本质就是抛出一个 Error，函数会立即中断，后面的代码不再执行，错误被外层 catch 捕获。",[1531,3375,3376],{},[1545,3377,3378],{},"Q3：async 函数里 throw 的错误也能被统一中间件捕获吗？",[1531,3380,3381,3382,3384],{},"能。这正是 Koa 用 async/await 的好处，",[1550,3383,2328],{}," 会把后续所有异步操作的错误都传递回来，一个 try/catch 全部兜住。",[1531,3386,3387],{},[1545,3388,3389],{},"Q4：统一错误格式里的 code 字段有什么用？",[1531,3391,3392,3393,3395,3396,3398],{},"方便前端统一判断。前端收到响应后先看 ",[1550,3394,1550],{}," 是不是 200，不是就按 ",[1550,3397,2266],{}," 提示用户，不用针对每种状态码单独处理。",[1535,3400],{},[1526,3402,3404],{"id":3403},"小练习","🧪 小练习",[3406,3407,3408],"ol",{},[3314,3409,3410,3411,3414,3415,3418,3419,3422,3423,3426],{},"写一个 ",[1550,3412,3413],{},"POST /login"," 接口，接收 ",[1550,3416,3417],{},"username"," 和 ",[1550,3420,3421],{},"password","，缺少任意一个就用 ",[1550,3424,3425],{},"ctx.throw(400, ...)"," 提示，都提供了就返回登录成功的 JSON。",[1559,3428,3430],{"className":1592,"code":3429,"filename":1594,"language":1595,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"router.post('/login', async (ctx) => {\n    // 请在这里编写代码\n});\n",[1550,3431,3432,3463,3468],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,3433,3434,3436,3438,3440,3442,3444,3447,3449,3451,3453,3455,3457,3459,3461],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,3435,1757],{"class":1606},[1568,3437,1732],{"class":1613},[1568,3439,1762],{"class":1686},[1568,3441,1738],{"class":1606},[1568,3443,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3445,3446],{"class":1578},"/login",[1568,3448,1620],{"class":1613},[1568,3450,1774],{"class":1613},[1568,3452,1777],{"class":1673},[1568,3454,1780],{"class":1613},[1568,3456,1784],{"class":1783},[1568,3458,1787],{"class":1613},[1568,3460,1790],{"class":1673},[1568,3462,1793],{"class":1613},[1568,3464,3465],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,3466,3467],{"class":1722},"    // 请在这里编写代码\n",[1568,3469,3470,3472,3474],{"class":1570,"line":1645},[1568,3471,1866],{"class":1613},[1568,3473,1787],{"class":1606},[1568,3475,1623],{"class":1613},[3406,3477,3478],{"start":1626},[3314,3479,3480],{},"用接口工具分别测试“参数齐全”和“缺少 password”两种情况，确认错误响应也是统一格式。",[1535,3482],{},[1531,3484,3485],{},"🎉 恭喜你已经能写出健壮的 Koa 接口了！下一篇是综合实战：用内存数据实现一套完整的 RESTful 用户接口，把前面学的东西全部串起来。",[3487,3488,3489],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .sYGMc, html code.shiki .sYGMc{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#FFCB6B;--shiki-dark:#FFCB6B}html pre.shiki code .sIEYB, html code.shiki .sIEYB{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#C3E88D;--shiki-dark:#C3E88D}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s8pZq, html code.shiki .s8pZq{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sndM8, html 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