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console",[1568,1757,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1759,1760],{"class":1701},"log",[1568,1762,1731],{"class":1763},"sd2Uz",[1568,1765,1766],{"class":1582},"`${",[1568,1768,1590],{"class":1578},[1568,1770,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1772,1773],{"class":1578},"method",[1568,1775,1776],{"class":1582},"}",[1568,1778,1779],{"class":1582}," ${",[1568,1781,1590],{"class":1578},[1568,1783,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1785,1786],{"class":1578},"url",[1568,1788,1789],{"class":1582},"}`",[1568,1791,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,1793,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,1795,1797,1800,1802],{"class":1570,"line":1796},8,[1568,1798,1799],{"class":1701},"    next",[1568,1801,1705],{"class":1763},[1568,1803,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,1805,1807,1809,1811],{"class":1570,"line":1806},9,[1568,1808,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,1810,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,1812,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,1814,1816],{"class":1570,"line":1815},10,[1568,1817,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,1819,1821,1823,1825,1828,1830,1832,1835,1837,1839,1841,1843,1845,1847,1849,1851],{"class":1570,"line":1820},11,[1568,1822,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,1824,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1826,1827],{"class":1701},"get",[1568,1829,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,1831,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,1833,1834],{"class":1676},"/",[1568,1836,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,1838,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,1840,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,1842,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,1844,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,1846,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,1848,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,1850,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,1852,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,1854,1856,1859,1861,1864,1866,1868,1871,1873,1875],{"class":1570,"line":1855},12,[1568,1857,1858],{"class":1578},"    res",[1568,1860,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1862,1863],{"class":1701},"send",[1568,1865,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,1867,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,1869,1870],{"class":1676},"首页",[1568,1872,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,1874,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,1876,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,1878,1880,1882,1884],{"class":1570,"line":1879},13,[1568,1881,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,1883,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,1885,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,1887,1889],{"class":1570,"line":1888},14,[1568,1890,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,1892,1894,1896,1898,1901,1903,1907,1909],{"class":1570,"line":1893},15,[1568,1895,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,1897,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1899,1900],{"class":1701},"listen",[1568,1902,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,1904,1906],{"class":1905},"smPcV","3000",[1568,1908,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,1910,1683],{"class":1582},[1531,1912,1913,1914,1917,1918,1920],{},"刷新几次浏览器，终端会打印 ",[1551,1915,1916],{},"GET /","。注意 ",[1551,1919,1553],{}," 必须调用，否则请求就停在这个中间件里，浏览器会一直转圈等待。",[1922,1923,1924],"warning",{},[1531,1925,1926,1927,1929,1930,1933,1934,1937],{},"中间件有两条出路：调用 ",[1551,1928,1553],{}," 交给下一个环节，或者用 ",[1551,1931,1932],{},"res.send()"," 等方法直接响应。",[1544,1935,1936],{},"每条请求路径上必须有其中之一","，什么都不做会造成请求挂起。",[1535,1939],{},[1526,1941,1943],{"id":1942},"执行顺序自上而下","🪤 执行顺序：自上而下",[1531,1945,1946,1947,1950],{},"Express 严格",[1544,1948,1949],{},"按代码书写顺序","依次执行中间件和路由，谁先命中谁先执行：",[1559,1952,1954],{"className":1561,"code":1953,"filename":1656,"language":1563,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"app.use((req, res, next) => {\n    console.log('中间件 1');\n    next();\n});\n\napp.use((req, res, next) => {\n    console.log('中间件 2');\n    next();\n});\n\napp.get('/', (req, res) => {\n    console.log('路由处理');\n    res.send('首页');\n});\n",[1551,1955,1956,1984,2005,2013,2021,2025,2053,2074,2082,2090,2094,2126,2147,2167],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,1957,1958,1960,1962,1964,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,1959,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,1961,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1963,1728],{"class":1701},[1568,1965,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,1967,1731],{"class":1582},[1568,1969,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,1971,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,1973,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,1975,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,1977,1601],{"class":1589},[1568,1979,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,1981,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,1983,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,1985,1986,1988,1990,1992,1994,1996,1999,2001,2003],{"class":1570,"line":1613},[1568,1987,1755],{"class":1578},[1568,1989,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,1991,1760],{"class":1701},[1568,1993,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,1995,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,1997,1998],{"class":1676},"中间件 1",[1568,2000,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2002,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2004,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2006,2007,2009,2011],{"class":1570,"line":1620},[1568,2008,1799],{"class":1701},[1568,2010,1705],{"class":1763},[1568,2012,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2014,2015,2017,2019],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2016,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2018,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2020,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2022,2023],{"class":1570,"line":1632},[1568,2024,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2026,2027,2029,2031,2033,2035,2037,2039,2041,2043,2045,2047,2049,2051],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2028,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2030,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2032,1728],{"class":1701},[1568,2034,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2036,1731],{"class":1582},[1568,2038,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2040,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2042,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2044,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2046,1601],{"class":1589},[1568,2048,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2050,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2052,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2054,2055,2057,2059,2061,2063,2065,2068,2070,2072],{"class":1570,"line":1752},[1568,2056,1755],{"class":1578},[1568,2058,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2060,1760],{"class":1701},[1568,2062,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2064,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2066,2067],{"class":1676},"中间件 2",[1568,2069,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2071,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2073,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2075,2076,2078,2080],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2077,1799],{"class":1701},[1568,2079,1705],{"class":1763},[1568,2081,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2083,2084,2086,2088],{"class":1570,"line":1806},[1568,2085,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2087,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2089,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2091,2092],{"class":1570,"line":1815},[1568,2093,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2095,2096,2098,2100,2102,2104,2106,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118,2120,2122,2124],{"class":1570,"line":1820},[1568,2097,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2099,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2101,1827],{"class":1701},[1568,2103,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2105,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2107,1834],{"class":1676},[1568,2109,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2111,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2113,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,2115,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2117,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2119,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2121,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2123,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2125,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2127,2128,2130,2132,2134,2136,2138,2141,2143,2145],{"class":1570,"line":1855},[1568,2129,1755],{"class":1578},[1568,2131,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2133,1760],{"class":1701},[1568,2135,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2137,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2139,2140],{"class":1676},"路由处理",[1568,2142,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2144,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2146,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2148,2149,2151,2153,2155,2157,2159,2161,2163,2165],{"class":1570,"line":1879},[1568,2150,1858],{"class":1578},[1568,2152,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2154,1863],{"class":1701},[1568,2156,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2158,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2160,1870],{"class":1676},[1568,2162,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2164,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2166,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2168,2169,2171,2173],{"class":1570,"line":1888},[1568,2170,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2172,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2174,1683],{"class":1582},[1531,2176,2177,2178,2180,2181,2183,2184,2183,2186,2188],{},"访问 ",[1551,2179,1834],{},"，终端依次打印 ",[1551,2182,1998],{},"、",[1551,2185,2067],{},[1551,2187,2140],{},"。这就像流水线上的工序，顺序调换了，结果可能就不对。比如把解析 JSON 的中间件写在路由后面，路由里就读不到请求体了。",[1535,2190],{},[1526,2192,2194],{"id":2193},"内置中间件-expressjson","🛠 内置中间件 express.json",[1531,2196,2197,2198,2201,2202,2205],{},"POST 请求提交的 JSON 数据，原生 http 模块要自己监听数据流再拼接解析，很繁琐。Express 内置的 ",[1551,2199,2200],{},"express.json()"," 中间件帮你把这一切做好，解析结果直接放在 ",[1551,2203,2204],{},"req.body","：",[1559,2207,2209],{"className":1561,"code":2208,"filename":1656,"language":1563,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"const app = express();\n\n// 解析 JSON 请求体，之后 req.body 就能用了\napp.use(express.json());\n\napp.post('/users', (req, res) => {\n    console.log(req.body); // { name: '小明', age: 18 }\n    res.send('创建成功');\n});\n",[1551,2210,2211,2225,2229,2234,2255,2259,2293,2318,2339],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2212,2213,2215,2217,2219,2221,2223],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2214,1575],{"class":1574},[1568,2216,1696],{"class":1578},[1568,2218,1583],{"class":1582},[1568,2220,1702],{"class":1701},[1568,2222,1705],{"class":1578},[1568,2224,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2226,2227],{"class":1570,"line":1613},[1568,2228,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2230,2231],{"class":1570,"line":1620},[1568,2232,2233],{"class":1616},"// 解析 JSON 请求体，之后 req.body 就能用了\n",[1568,2235,2236,2238,2240,2242,2245,2247,2250,2253],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2237,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2239,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2241,1728],{"class":1701},[1568,2243,2244],{"class":1578},"(express",[1568,2246,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2248,2249],{"class":1701},"json",[1568,2251,2252],{"class":1578},"())",[1568,2254,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2256,2257],{"class":1570,"line":1632},[1568,2258,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2260,2261,2263,2265,2268,2270,2272,2275,2277,2279,2281,2283,2285,2287,2289,2291],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2262,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2264,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2266,2267],{"class":1701},"post",[1568,2269,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2271,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2273,2274],{"class":1676},"/users",[1568,2276,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2278,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2280,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,2282,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2284,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2286,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2288,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2290,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2292,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2294,2295,2297,2299,2301,2303,2305,2307,2310,2312,2315],{"class":1570,"line":1752},[1568,2296,1755],{"class":1578},[1568,2298,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2300,1760],{"class":1701},[1568,2302,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2304,1590],{"class":1578},[1568,2306,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2308,2309],{"class":1578},"body",[1568,2311,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2313,2314],{"class":1582},";",[1568,2316,2317],{"class":1616}," // { name: '小明', age: 18 }\n",[1568,2319,2320,2322,2324,2326,2328,2330,2333,2335,2337],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2321,1858],{"class":1578},[1568,2323,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2325,1863],{"class":1701},[1568,2327,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2329,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2331,2332],{"class":1676},"创建成功",[1568,2334,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2336,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2338,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2340,2341,2343,2345],{"class":1570,"line":1806},[1568,2342,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2344,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2346,1683],{"class":1582},[1531,2348,2349],{},"终端用 curl 验证：",[1559,2351,2355],{"className":2352,"code":2353,"language":2354,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"language-bash shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter material-theme material-theme-palenight","curl -X POST http://localhost:3000/users -H \"Content-Type: application/json\" -d \"{\\\"name\\\":\\\"小明\\\",\\\"age\\\":18}\"\n","bash",[1551,2356,2357],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2358,2359,2363,2366,2369,2372,2375,2378,2381,2384,2387,2389,2392,2395,2398,2400,2403,2405,2408,2410,2412,2414,2417,2419,2422],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2360,2362],{"class":2361},"sYGMc","curl",[1568,2364,2365],{"class":1676}," -X",[1568,2367,2368],{"class":1676}," POST",[1568,2370,2371],{"class":1676}," http://localhost:3000/users",[1568,2373,2374],{"class":1676}," -H",[1568,2376,2377],{"class":1582}," \"",[1568,2379,2380],{"class":1676},"Content-Type: application/json",[1568,2382,2383],{"class":1582},"\"",[1568,2385,2386],{"class":1676}," -d",[1568,2388,2377],{"class":1582},[1568,2390,2391],{"class":1676},"{",[1568,2393,2394],{"class":1578},"\\\"",[1568,2396,2397],{"class":1676},"name",[1568,2399,2394],{"class":1578},[1568,2401,2402],{"class":1676},":",[1568,2404,2394],{"class":1578},[1568,2406,2407],{"class":1676},"小明",[1568,2409,2394],{"class":1578},[1568,2411,1593],{"class":1676},[1568,2413,2394],{"class":1578},[1568,2415,2416],{"class":1676},"age",[1568,2418,2394],{"class":1578},[1568,2420,2421],{"class":1676},":18}",[1568,2423,2424],{"class":1582},"\"\n",[2426,2427,2428],"tip",{},[1531,2429,2430,2431,2434,2435,2437,2438,2441],{},"不加 ",[1551,2432,2433],{},"app.use(express.json())"," 的话，",[1551,2436,2204],{}," 是 ",[1551,2439,2440],{},"undefined","。这是初学者的高频踩坑点：接口读不到数据，先检查这行有没有写、有没有写在路由前面。",[1535,2443],{},[1526,2445,2447],{"id":2446},"内置中间件-expressstatic","🛠 内置中间件 express.static",[1531,2449,2450,2451,2454,2455,2458],{},"图片、CSS、前端打包产物这类",[1544,2452,2453],{},"静态文件","，不用一个个写路由，用 ",[1551,2456,2457],{},"express.static"," 托管整个目录：",[1559,2460,2462],{"className":1561,"code":2461,"filename":1656,"language":1563,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"app.use(express.static('public'));\n",[1551,2463,2464],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2465,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2479,2481,2483,2486,2488,2491],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2467,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2469,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2471,1728],{"class":1701},[1568,2473,2244],{"class":1578},[1568,2475,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2477,2478],{"class":1701},"static",[1568,2480,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2482,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2484,2485],{"class":1676},"public",[1568,2487,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2489,2490],{"class":1578},"))",[1568,2492,1683],{"class":1582},[1531,2494,2495,2496,2498,2499,2502,2503,2506,2507,2510,2511,2514],{},"之后在项目里建一个 ",[1551,2497,2485],{}," 目录，放入 ",[1551,2500,2501],{},"logo.png","，浏览器直接访问 ",[1551,2504,2505],{},"http://localhost:3000/logo.png"," 就能拿到。Vue 项目 ",[1551,2508,2509],{},"npm run build"," 打包出的 ",[1551,2512,2513],{},"dist"," 目录，也可以用这种方式让 Express 直接对外提供访问。",[1535,2516],{},[1526,2518,2520],{"id":2519},"路由级中间件","🛠 路由级中间件",[1531,2522,2523,2526],{},[1551,2524,2525],{},"app.use"," 对所有请求生效，但有些检查只想针对个别路由，比如“查看个人资料前必须登录”。把中间件写在路由的路径和处理函数之间即可：",[1559,2528,2530],{"className":1561,"code":2529,"filename":1656,"language":1563,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"// 鉴权中间件：检查请求头里有没有 token\nconst checkAuth = (req, res, next) => {\n    if (!req.headers.token) {\n        return res.status(401).send('请先登录');\n    }\n\n    next();\n};\n\n// 只有这条路由需要过安检\napp.get('/profile', checkAuth, (req, res) => {\n    res.send('个人资料');\n});\n",[1551,2531,2532,2537,2564,2592,2628,2633,2637,2645,2649,2653,2658,2696,2717],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2533,2534],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2535,2536],{"class":1616},"// 鉴权中间件：检查请求头里有没有 token\n",[1568,2538,2539,2541,2544,2546,2548,2550,2552,2554,2556,2558,2560,2562],{"class":1570,"line":1613},[1568,2540,1575],{"class":1574},[1568,2542,2543],{"class":1578}," checkAuth ",[1568,2545,1583],{"class":1582},[1568,2547,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,2549,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2551,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2553,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2555,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2557,1601],{"class":1589},[1568,2559,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2561,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2563,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2565,2566,2569,2571,2574,2576,2578,2581,2583,2586,2589],{"class":1570,"line":1620},[1568,2567,2568],{"class":1663},"    if",[1568,2570,1586],{"class":1763},[1568,2572,2573],{"class":1582},"!",[1568,2575,1590],{"class":1578},[1568,2577,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2579,2580],{"class":1578},"headers",[1568,2582,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2584,2585],{"class":1578},"token",[1568,2587,2588],{"class":1763},") ",[1568,2590,2591],{"class":1582},"{\n",[1568,2593,2594,2597,2599,2601,2604,2606,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617,2619,2622,2624,2626],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2595,2596],{"class":1663},"        return",[1568,2598,1596],{"class":1578},[1568,2600,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2602,2603],{"class":1701},"status",[1568,2605,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2607,2608],{"class":1905},"401",[1568,2610,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2612,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2614,1863],{"class":1701},[1568,2616,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2618,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2620,2621],{"class":1676},"请先登录",[1568,2623,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2625,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2627,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2629,2630],{"class":1570,"line":1632},[1568,2631,2632],{"class":1582},"    }\n",[1568,2634,2635],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2636,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2638,2639,2641,2643],{"class":1570,"line":1752},[1568,2640,1799],{"class":1701},[1568,2642,1705],{"class":1763},[1568,2644,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2646,2647],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2648,1635],{"class":1582},[1568,2650,2651],{"class":1570,"line":1806},[1568,2652,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2654,2655],{"class":1570,"line":1815},[1568,2656,2657],{"class":1616},"// 只有这条路由需要过安检\n",[1568,2659,2660,2662,2664,2666,2668,2670,2673,2675,2677,2680,2682,2684,2686,2688,2690,2692,2694],{"class":1570,"line":1820},[1568,2661,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2663,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2665,1827],{"class":1701},[1568,2667,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2669,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2671,2672],{"class":1676},"/profile",[1568,2674,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2676,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2678,2679],{"class":1578}," checkAuth",[1568,2681,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2683,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,2685,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2687,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2689,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2691,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2693,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2695,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2697,2698,2700,2702,2704,2706,2708,2711,2713,2715],{"class":1570,"line":1855},[1568,2699,1858],{"class":1578},[1568,2701,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2703,1863],{"class":1701},[1568,2705,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2707,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2709,2710],{"class":1676},"个人资料",[1568,2712,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2714,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2716,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2718,2719,2721,2723],{"class":1570,"line":1879},[1568,2720,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2722,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2724,1683],{"class":1582},[1531,2726,2727,2728,2730,2731,2734],{},"请求 ",[1551,2729,2672],{}," 时先经过 ",[1551,2732,2733],{},"checkAuth","，没有 token 就直接返回 401，根本到不了处理函数；有 token 才放行。其他路由完全不受影响。",[1535,2736],{},[1526,2738,2740],{"id":2739},"小节总结","🧾 小节总结",[2742,2743,2744,2757,2762,2768,2780],"ul",{},[2745,2746,2747,2748,2183,2750,2183,2753,2756],"li",{},"中间件是处理请求的函数，接收 ",[1551,2749,1590],{},[1551,2751,2752],{},"res",[1551,2754,2755],{},"next"," 三个参数，像流水线上的关卡。",[2745,2758,2759,2761],{},[1551,2760,1647],{}," 注册全局中间件，对所有请求生效，按代码顺序自上而下执行。",[2745,2763,2764,2765,2767],{},"中间件必须调用 ",[1551,2766,1553],{}," 放行，或直接响应结束请求，否则请求会挂起。",[2745,2769,2770,2772,2773,2775,2776,2779],{},[1551,2771,2200],{}," 解析 JSON 请求体到 ",[1551,2774,2204],{},"，",[1551,2777,2778],{},"express.static('public')"," 托管静态文件目录。",[2745,2781,2782],{},"把中间件写在路由的路径和处理函数之间，就是只对这条路由生效的路由级中间件。",[1535,2784],{},[1526,2786,2788],{"id":2787},"知识问答","❓ 知识问答",[1531,2790,2791],{},[1544,2792,2793],{},"Q1：忘了调用 next() 会怎样？",[1531,2795,2796,2797,2799],{},"请求就停在当前中间件，后面的路由永远执行不到，浏览器会一直等待直到超时。排查“接口没反应”时，先检查中间件是不是漏了 ",[1551,2798,1553],{},"。",[1531,2801,2802],{},[1544,2803,2804],{},"Q2：中间件和路由处理函数有什么区别？",[1531,2806,2807,2808,2810],{},"本质上是同一种函数。习惯上把“不结束请求、只做加工和检查”的叫中间件，把“最终返回响应”的叫路由处理函数。写在 ",[1551,2809,2525],{}," 里还是写在路由里，只影响生效范围。",[1531,2812,2813],{},[1544,2814,2815],{},"Q3：express.json() 能解析表单吗？",[1531,2817,2818,2819,2821,2822,2825,2826,2829],{},"不能，它只解析 ",[1551,2820,2380],{}," 的请求体。传统的表单提交（",[1551,2823,2824],{},"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","）需要另一个内置中间件 ",[1551,2827,2828],{},"express.urlencoded({ extended: true })","，前后端分离项目里用得较少。",[1531,2831,2832],{},[1544,2833,2834],{},"Q4：静态文件目录的名字一定要叫 public 吗？",[1531,2836,2837,2838,2183,2841,2844,2845,2847],{},"不一定，",[1551,2839,2840],{},"express.static('dist')",[1551,2842,2843],{},"express.static('assets')"," 都可以，传什么目录名就托管哪个目录。叫 ",[1551,2846,2485],{}," 只是社区的习惯。",[1535,2849],{},[1526,2851,2853],{"id":2852},"小练习","🧪 小练习",[1531,2855,2856],{},"写一个统计请求耗时的中间件：请求进来时记录时间，响应结束后打印本次请求花了多少毫秒。",[1559,2858,2860],{"className":1561,"code":2859,"filename":1656,"language":1563,"meta":1564,"style":1564},"import express from 'express';\n\nconst app = express();\n\n// 请在这里编写代码（提示：在 next() 前后分别取 Date.now()，利用 res 的 finish 事件在响应结束后计算）\n\napp.get('/', (req, res) => {\n    res.send('首页');\n});\n\napp.listen(3000);\n",[1551,2861,2862,2878,2882,2896,2900,2905,2909,2941,2961,2969,2973],{"__ignoreMap":1564},[1568,2863,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2876],{"class":1570,"line":1571},[1568,2865,1664],{"class":1663},[1568,2867,1667],{"class":1578},[1568,2869,1670],{"class":1663},[1568,2871,1673],{"class":1582},[1568,2873,1677],{"class":1676},[1568,2875,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2877,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2879,2880],{"class":1570,"line":1613},[1568,2881,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2883,2884,2886,2888,2890,2892,2894],{"class":1570,"line":1620},[1568,2885,1575],{"class":1574},[1568,2887,1696],{"class":1578},[1568,2889,1583],{"class":1582},[1568,2891,1702],{"class":1701},[1568,2893,1705],{"class":1578},[1568,2895,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2897,2898],{"class":1570,"line":1626},[1568,2899,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2901,2902],{"class":1570,"line":1632},[1568,2903,2904],{"class":1616},"// 请在这里编写代码（提示：在 next() 前后分别取 Date.now()，利用 res 的 finish 事件在响应结束后计算）\n",[1568,2906,2907],{"class":1570,"line":1719},[1568,2908,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2910,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919,2921,2923,2925,2927,2929,2931,2933,2935,2937,2939],{"class":1570,"line":1752},[1568,2912,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2914,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2916,1827],{"class":1701},[1568,2918,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2920,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2922,1834],{"class":1676},[1568,2924,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2926,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2928,1586],{"class":1582},[1568,2930,1590],{"class":1589},[1568,2932,1593],{"class":1582},[1568,2934,1596],{"class":1589},[1568,2936,1604],{"class":1582},[1568,2938,1607],{"class":1574},[1568,2940,1610],{"class":1582},[1568,2942,2943,2945,2947,2949,2951,2953,2955,2957,2959],{"class":1570,"line":1796},[1568,2944,1858],{"class":1578},[1568,2946,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2948,1863],{"class":1701},[1568,2950,1731],{"class":1763},[1568,2952,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2954,1870],{"class":1676},[1568,2956,1680],{"class":1582},[1568,2958,1604],{"class":1763},[1568,2960,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2962,2963,2965,2967],{"class":1570,"line":1806},[1568,2964,1776],{"class":1582},[1568,2966,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2968,1683],{"class":1582},[1568,2970,2971],{"class":1570,"line":1815},[1568,2972,1689],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":1688},[1568,2974,2975,2977,2979,2981,2983,2985,2987],{"class":1570,"line":1820},[1568,2976,1722],{"class":1578},[1568,2978,1725],{"class":1582},[1568,2980,1900],{"class":1701},[1568,2982,1731],{"class":1578},[1568,2984,1906],{"class":1905},[1568,2986,1604],{"class":1578},[1568,2988,1683],{"class":1582},[1535,2990],{},[1531,2992,2993],{},"🎉 恭喜你已经掌握了中间件这个 Express 的核心机制！下一篇我们系统梳理请求对象和响应对象上的常用 API。",[2995,2996,2997],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .s50WR, html code.shiki .s50WR{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#C792EA;--shiki-dark:#C792EA}html pre.shiki code .sndM8, html code.shiki .sndM8{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-dark:#BABED8}html pre.shiki code .s86vT, html code.shiki .s86vT{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#89DDFF;--shiki-dark:#89DDFF}html pre.shiki code .sK9QF, html code.shiki .sK9QF{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#EEFFFF;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#BABED8;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .syuKq, html code.shiki .syuKq{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#546E7A;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#676E95;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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